Vita-Salute San Raffaele University

Long-term outcomes and treatment cost estimates of flavonoids and polidocanol foam sclerotherapy for hemorrhoidal disease: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background Flavonoids and sclerotherapy are first-line treatments for hemorrhoidal disease (HD), but direct comparisons of long-term outcomes, patient satisfaction, and economic estimates are limited. Methods This single-center retrospective study included consecutive pa...

Upfront surgery vs. neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer with venous involvement: a multicenter retrospective analysis

Abstract Introduction The benefits of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for pancreatic cancer (PC) with portal venous involvement remain debated. This study aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of surgery with or without NAT in patients with PC with suspected venous involve...

Vitamin D in coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis of data stratified by 25(OH)D levels

Maria Fusaro, Pasquale Perrone Filardi, Gianfranco Sinagra, Maria Luisa Brandi, Maurizio Gallieni, Jean-Yves Reginster, Eugene McCloskey, Etienne Cavalier,

Spontaneous Regression of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma Lesions: Case Series and Literature Review

PURPOSE: To describe a case series of spontaneous regression of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) lesions documented through multimodal imaging and to contextualize findings with a review of the literature. METHODS: We report five Caucasian patients with biopsy-confirmed VRL. All pati...

Development of an investigational epigenetic silencer therapy to transcriptionally inactivate viral DNA in chronic hepatitis B

Approved chronic hepatitis B therapies rarely result in functional cure, as they fail to permanently silence all transcriptionally active hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. CRMA-1001 employs an optimized epigenetic silencer that represses viral transcription through targeted deposition...

The Behavior of the External Limiting Membrane and Ellipsoid Zone in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Population AI-Assisted Optical Coherence Tomography Study

Purpose: To investigate the behavior of the external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) in diabetic macular edema (DME) using artificial intelligence (AI)-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) quantification. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. OCT scans of...

Antidepressants and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of exposure windows and cumulative use in nearly two million women

Abstract Background The use of antidepressants is steadily increasing worldwide. This trend has a significant impact on public health and socioeconomic conditions. Although studies have looked for a possible link between antidepressants and breast cancer risk, findings remain unp...

Immunohistochemical stratification of bladder small cell carcinoma reveals two major phenotypes with distinct therapeutic biomarker profiles

Aims Small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SmCCB) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that remains poorly defined. Using the transcriptional taxonomy established for small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), we aimed to stratify SmCCB by dominant transcription factors and assess associati...

Exhaled breath aerosol sampling for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults: a study protocol for an exploratory diagnostic accuracy study

Introduction Tuberculosis remains a major global health challenge, causing over one million deaths annually. Current diagnostic techniques depend on restrictive sputum sampling. Better sampling methods are needed to enable early detection and effective management. This study intr...

Clinical Management of Myocardial Infarction

Despite notable advancements in the acute and long-term management, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction (MI) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherothrombosis overlying coronary plaque rupture or erosion is the main pathophysiological mechanism of MI...

Machine learning integrated explainable artificial intelligence in predicting toxicities of enfortumab vedotin in urothelial carcinoma: an exploratory study

Background Enfortumab vedotin (EV) therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma is limited by adverse events (AEs). Early identification of high-risk patients is needed. This proof-of-concept study evaluated whether machine learning (ML) with explainable AI (SHAP) could predict EV t...

Prognostic Role of Adverse Events in a Worldwide Population of Patients with Biliary Tract Cancer Treated with Chemo-Immunotherapy

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options. The addition of durvalumab or pembrolizumab to cisplatin–gemcitabine improves overall survival (OS), but validated biomarkers of benefit remain limited. Immune-mediated adverse ev...

Microbial adhesion promotes Piezo1 activation to initiate innate immunity

Abstract How mammals mount an effective immune response against infectious agents remains unresolved. Here we identify microbial adhesion to myeloid cells as a critical initiating event that precedes pattern recognition receptor (PRR) engagement. Using a skin infection model with...

A distinct gastrointestinal symptom profile characterizes clinically relevant fatigue in systemic sclerosis

OBJECTIVE: To identify the specific gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms associated with clinically relevant fatigue in systemic sclerosis (SSc), beyond the established association between overall GI involvement and fatigue. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study including conse...

Circuits that guarantee iron homeostasis: from cellular sensing to systemic control

Abstract Iron is an essential yet potentially toxic element whose redox properties support diverse cellular processes, including oxygen transport, energy metabolism, DNA synthesis, and epigenetic regulation. To maintain iron availability while limiting its toxicity, organisms hav...

What bilingualism demands

Abstract Bilingualism research sits at the intersection of linguistics, cognitive neuroscience, and psychology, yet these disciplines often operate in relative isolation, limiting explanatory power and theoretical progress. This paper argues that deeper, more purposeful cross-fer...

Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Gastric Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in Autoimmune Gastritis: A Real‐World Propensity Score‐Matched Study From the Autoimmune gastRitis Italian netwOrk Study grOup

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is characterized by chronic hypergastrinemia and is associated with an increased risk of gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (gNENs). Because proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) further increase gastrin secretion, concerns have been...

Deep Learning for Quantitative Perfusion 99mTc-ECD SPECT in Clinically Confirmed Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Comparison with Established Software

Abstract Purpose We compared a novel deep learning (DL)-based quantification software (BTXBrain) with an established platform (Q.Brain) for quantitative perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with clinically confirmed neuropsychiatric systemic lu...

KDM6A loss enhances oxidative phosphorylation uncovering tissue-level convergent evolution

Abstract The tumor suppressor KDM6A / UTX , a histone demethylase and a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, is frequently lost in many cancer types. We show that KDM6A loss pervasively activates oxidative phosphorylation in several solid tumors, generating a pseudo-hyperoxic en...

Morphology-Based Surgery for Chronic Pancreatitis Across Europe: Toward the Next Generation of Unified Guidelines

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use and impact of current surgical guidelines for chronic pancreatitis (CP) across Europe. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Current guidelines recommend morphology-based surgery for CP, but international studies evaluating their use and impact are lacking. METH...