University of Luxembourg

The deep operator finite element method: A discrete variational neural operator for elasticity under variable loading

Learning solution operators for parametric partial differential equations is essential for real-time simulation and engineering analysis. However, existing physics-informed neural operators often suffer from unstable training due to numerical quadrature errors, sampling variabili...

Nanoscale Rear‐Interface Architecture Enables 36.2 mA cm −2 Photocurrent in Ultrathin and Bifacial ACIGS Solar Cells Through Light Management

ABSTRACT Reducing the absorber thickness in thin‐film photovoltaics has a direct impact on low raw material consumption and high manufacturing throughput. However, it leads to low optical performance due to incomplete light absorption. In (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se 2 (ACIGS)‐based technolo...

Queen domination by SAT solving

The queen domination problem asks for the minimum number of queens required to attack all squares on an nxn chessboard. Once this optimal number is known, determining the number of distinct solutions up to isomorphism has also attracted considerable attention. Previous work has i...

Identifying non-ideal reaction-diffusion systems unable to maintain diffusion out-of-equilibrium

We develop a general method, based on the construction of a kinetic potential serving as a Lyapunov function, to establish when diffusion necessarily equilibrates in non-ideal reaction-diffusion systems under arbitrary driving by autonomous homogeneous chemostats. This equilibrat...

Quantum Field Approaches to Chemical Systems

Abstract Quantum-matter theory (QMT), based on the Schrödinger or Dirac equations, is firmly established for both intra- and intermolecular interactions. However, there are two key issues with QMT. First, its applicability to large molecular complexes is hindered by the relative...

Chiral soft mode transition driven by strain in ferroelectric bubble domains

Abstract Chirality in solids is attracting growing attention as a potential ferroic order, yet virtually no paradigmatic example of a soft-mode achiral-to-chiral phase transition has been firmly established to date. Here we identify ferroelectric bubble domains as a model system...

Humans: Intertwined with life and the basic elements in the Anthropocene biosphere

Abstract The notion of people and nature as intertwined and embedded in the biosphere is gaining traction in contemporary scientific discourses. But what does it mean for a human being to be intertwined? Here, we explore this question through two lenses: looking at the human body...

Governing Foreign Graduate Retention in Small State Hubs: Domestic Policy Integration in Luxembourg, with Singapore as a Shadow Case

Post-graduation policy pathways shape whether international graduates can remain after study, but the governance structures behind these pathways are underexplored in small state hubs. I examine this problem through Luxembourg, using Singapore as a narrower shadow case. Small sta...

Reframing the epidemiological transition as increasing returns to tackling aging-related diseases

Abstract Global life expectancy has risen since 1973 from 58 to over 73 years, while the share of people aged 65 years and older has doubled to 10% and is projected to reach 21% by 2073. This shift is linked to an epidemiological transition from infectious to chronic disease. Her...

A Non‐Isothermal Viscoplastic Framework for Assessing Shaft Resistance in Energy Geostructures

ABSTRACT This study presents a coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) num erical investigation of shaft resistance degradation in geothermal piles embedded in low‐permeability clays. A thermo‐viscoplastic constitutive model is developed to simulate the pile–soil interface behavior...

Optimising bat-friendly curtailment algorithms for wind turbines

Wind turbines worldwide cause high mortality in long-lived bats through collisions. To mitigate these impacts, operators commonly apply blanket curtailment by stopping turbine blades under low wind speed and mild temperature, when bat activity is often high and energy production...

Repulsive inverse-distance interatomic interaction from many-body quantum electrodynamics

Interactions between objects can be classified as fundamental or emergent. Fundamental interactions are either extremely short-range or decay inversely with the separation distance, such as the Coulomb potential between charges or the gravitational attraction between masses. In c...

LLM-Driven Cost-Effective Requirements Change Impact Analysis

Requirements are inherently subject to change throughout the software development lifecycle. Within the limited budget available to requirements engineers, manually identifying the impact of such changes on other requirements is error-prone and effort-intensive, especially in reg...

Loss Analysis of Low Bandgap (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se 2 Solar Cells for Tandem Applications

ABSTRACT Tandem solar cells can better harness the energy of the solar spectrum. Chalcopyrite solar cells have drawn attention, being the only highly efficient devices with a bandgap around 1.0 eV, suitable for bottom cells. In the quest for better efficiencies, we conduct a comp...

Heat‐to‐Electricity Conversion Using Barium Strontium Titanate Multilayer Capacitors

ABSTRACT Pyroelectric materials are attractive for converting heat into electricity, yet the best performance is obtained with lead‐containing ceramics, remaining a major environmental concern. Here, we address this problem by developing lead‐free barium strontium titanate multil...

Integrative Multi‐Omics Analysis Reveals Convergent Epigenome and Transcriptome Changes in Parkinson's Disease

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms that predispose dopaminergic neurons (DAN) to degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE: To perform an integrative multi-omics reanalysis of single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic data to identify convergent alte...

The Intergenerational Correlation of Subjective Well Being

There are many estimates of the intergenerational transmission of income and education, even though these may be considered as only partial measures of individual welfare. We here analyze long-running UK panel data and directly consider the intergenerational transmission of two w...

PLCG2 downregulation impairs synaptic function and increases Alzheimer’s disease hallmarks in neuronal cultures

We developed a high-content screening to investigate how Alzheimer’s disease (AD) genetic risk factors may affect synaptic mechanisms in rat primary neuronal cultures. Of the target genes identified, we found that Plcg2 downregulation in mouse dentate gyrus neurons consistently d...

TrajectoryTest: A Trajectory-Specific Test Input Prioritization Technique and Empirical Evaluation

Trajectory prediction models have become increasingly vital in various safety-critical domains, such as healthcare, maritime surveillance, and intelligent transportation systems. These applications utilize machine learning models to predict the operational state of a moving agent...

Converging pathomechanisms link SARS-CoV-2 infection with major neurodegenerative diseases

Neurological complications are among typical clinical manifestations, both during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection and long-term post-acute COVID-19 sequelae, i.e., Long COVID. A growing body of evidence connects SARS-CoV-2 infection to systemic inflammation, peripheral im...