University of Iowa

Computational Oncology of Chemotaxis-Driven Tumour–Immune Spatial Patterning and Stability

We develop a reaction–diffusion–chemotaxis model for spatial tumour–immune–chemokine dynamics that couples logistic tumour growth, immune-mediated killing, chemokine-dependent immune recruitment, chemotactic migration, and signal production. For the non-dimensional system, we est...

Activation of mu-opioid receptors slows pacemaking in hypothalamic A11 dopamine neurons

Hypothalamic A11 dopamine neurons provide the only known source of spinal dopamine and critically modulate pain and motor systems. Yet, the electrophysiological properties of A11 neurons were unknown. Here, we characterized A11 dopamine neurons in mice using brain slice immunohis...

Development of a Targeted Choroidal Injury Model for the Study of Retinal Degenerations and Therapeutic Cell Replacement

Purpose: Choroidal loss is an important pathophysiological step in many retinal diseases, but few reliable translational models of choroidal injury exist. Here, we report a new targeted choroidal injury model using bioconjugated saporins and compare it models of systemic sodium i...

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic sub-study of trans-arterial vs. intravenous gemcitabine in the TIGeR-PaC phase 3 clinical trial

Abstract Purpose Localized intra-arterial delivery of gemcitabine (IAG) may provide advantages in terms of increased tissue concentration and decreased systemic dosing. We hypothesized IAG may result in decreased systemic gemcitabine concentration and associated side effects due...

Another Type Inference Algorithm for First-Class Implicit Polymorphism

We propose yet another approach to type inference with first-class implicit polymorphism, based on the interleaving of an Algorithm M-style constraint-generating elaboration of terms and a solver for the generated constraints. The novelty of our approach is that types include exp...

Value-motivated use of generative AI among student journalists: Practices and risk management in college newsrooms

Generative AI (GenAI) has rapidly entered journalistic practice, prompting growing scholarly attention to future journalists, particularly journalism students, and their attitudes and beliefs about its use. However, little research has examined how student journalists working in...

Dental Students' Use of Captions and Transcripts: Implications for ADA WCAG 2.1 Compliance

OBJECTIVES: This study examined how Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) students use captions and transcripts, their motivations for use, and their perceived learning benefits, with attention to accessibility and upcoming ADA compliance requirements. METHODS: A cross-sectional, anony...

Discrepancies with Final Diagnosis in Head and Neck Intraoperative Frozen Section

Abstract Purpose Creating a frozen section slide and crafting an interpretation is a multistep process with multiple possible points of failure. Head and neck frozen section pathology presents particular technical and diagnostic challenges. The aim of our study was to identify di...

Theta deep-brain stimulation improves cognitive performance in Parkinson’s patients with cognitive impairments

ABSTRACT Background Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) almost inevitably experience cognitive impairments. These deficits have been linked to low frequency “theta” cortical activity ∼4 Hz, previously associated with cognitive control. Objective Our study investigated effects...

Reductive Deoxygenationof Aromatic Aldehydes andKetones with Boron Triiodide

Abstract Deoxygenation of carbonyls is an area of value in synthetic transformations because it allows for the traceless utilization of carbonyl chemistry, a mainstay in synthetic manipulations. Since oxygenation patterns are common in biological settings, deoxygenation can also...

Genome-wide machine learning analysis of anosmia and ageusia with COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused substantial worldwide disruptions in health, economy, and society, manifesting symptoms such as loss of smell (anosmia) and loss of taste (ageusia), that can result in prolonged sensory impairment. Establishing the host genetic etiology of anosmia...

Neuropathy With Demyelinating Features in a Patient With Biallelic HARS1 Variants

ABSTRACT Background and Aims The HARS1 gene encodes cytoplasmic histidyl‐tRNA synthetase, which catalyzes the ligation of histidine to tRNA HIS in the cytoplasm as an early step in protein biosynthesis and is essential for cell viability. Pathogenic variants in HARS1 have been as...

Xylose phosphatase activity of dystroglycan self-regulates its receptor function

Dystroglycan (DG), a transmembrane receptor crucial for tissue development and pathogen entry, harbors a glycan composed of xylose and glucuronic acid called matriglycan. Loss of matriglycan or reduction in its length affects DG function, causing dystroglycanopathies. However, th...

Occupational access to firearms and firearm-related suicide among US workers.

Objective: To examine the association between occupational access to firearms and firearm-related suicide, adjusting for worker demographics and rural residence. Methods: We conducted a mortality case-control study using National Violent Death Reporting System data (2013-2023). O...

Economic Hardship and Mental and Physical Health in Social Work Students: Food, Housing, and Student Loan Burden

Economic hardship is prevalent among college students and poses significant risks to health and academic success. This cross-sectional study examined associations between food insecurity, housing insecurity, and educational loan reliance and two health outcomes—depressive symptom...

Front-loaded and mixed delivery models in hybrid cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Traditional centre-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR) reduces cardiovascular mortality but suffers from suboptimal participation due to logistical barriers. Hybrid cardiac rehabilitation (Hybrid CR) has emerged as a flexible alternative, yet previous reviews have treated it as a...

Risk Factors for Estrogen Receptor Subtype‐Specific Contralateral Breast Cancer in Women Under Age 55 Years

Women with estrogen receptor negative (ER-) contralateral breast cancer (CBC) are 50% more likely to die of CBC compared to women with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) CBC. We comprehensively investigated risk factors for ER subtype-specific CBC using the Women's Environmental Ca...

The Uniqueness of the Ground State and the Dynamics of Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Inverse Square Potential

Abstract. In this paper, we first provide an alternative proof of the uniqueness of the ground state solution for nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) with inverse square potential and power nonlinearity [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] in dimensions [Formula: see...

Terminology for describing the 24-h cycle of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep: a scoping review

Abstract Background Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep are three behaviours which occupy the 24-h cycle and interact to influence a multitude of health outcomes. Different terms are currently used to describe these behaviours collectively (e.g., movement behaviours...

Foundations of Radiation Safety & Radiobiology

This open textbook covers the foundations of radiation safety and radiobiology in medical imaging and radiation therapy. It is meant for undergraduate students in the radiation sciences.