Universiti Sains Malaysia

Tuning the deposition cycles of reduced graphene oxide on TiO2 nanorod arrays for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance

This study reports the systematic design of two-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (rGO) integrated with one-dimensional TiO 2 nanorod arrays (TNR) on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates. The architecture was engineered through controlled layer-by-layer deposition across varying...

Structure-Guided Optimization of a LipL32-Targeting DNA Aptamer through Molecular Dynamics and Free-Energy Analysis

Abstract Accurate detection of leptospirosis requires high-affinity recognition of the conserved LipL32 biomarker. Although LipL32-targeting DNA aptamers have been identified through systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), the molecular basis of their t...

Solar-Assisted IoT waste monitoring system with photovoltaic energy feasibility assessment

Internet of Things (IoT)-based waste monitoring systems are increasingly used to support smart and efficient waste management systems. However, many existing systems still depend on conventional batteries or grid power, which can increase maintenance requirements and limit outdoo...

Molecular Mechanisms of Candida albicans Adhesion to Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers: Integrating Candidate Molecular Pathways with Material Surface Properties

Colonisation of maxillofacial prostheses by Candida albicans is conventionally attributed to surface roughness, porosity, and wettability properties that explain where cells accumulate rather than why particular surfaces promote biofilm formation. This review reinterprets the in...

Safety evaluation of new energy three-electric systems using enhanced physics-informed neural networks

Accurate safety-state measurement of the three-electric system in new energy vehicles is essential for ensuring reliable and secure operation. This paper proposes an artificial-intelligence-assisted safety measurement framework that integrates a searchable encryption mechanism wi...

Advancing graphene-enabled piezoelectric, triboelectric, and hybrid nanogenerators: A review on mechanistic and performance optimization

Graphene significantly enhances the performance of piezoelectric (PENG), triboelectric (TENG), and hybrid piezoelectric-triboelectric (H-P/TENG) nanogenerators by regulating polarization, dielectric behavior, charge transport, and interfacial coupling. This review presents a crit...

Experimental multi-level calibration of a silicon mini solar cell for low-cost solar irradiance measurement

Abstract Accurate assessment of photovoltaic potential is essential for optimizing system integration at specific sites, requiring precise measurement of ground-level solar irradiance. However, commercially available irradiance sensors are often costly, limited in configurability...

Design and Tunability of Thermochromic Polymers Based on Dye–Developer–Solvent Systems: Toward Non-Toxic Materials

Abstract Thermochromic polymers have had significant development over the years through consistent research. Specifically, polymers that involve an embedded ternary thermochromic compound, which consists of a dye, color developer, and cosolvent, have garnered a lot of attention f...

Comparative evaluation of artificial intelligence-integrated and conventional camera traps for small mammal monitoring

Context Conventional camera traps generate vast amounts of non-target images that makes edge artificial intelligence (AI) cameras a promising solution for real-time species detection. However, the real-world effectiveness of these systems depends heavily on how models generalise...

Extraction of terephthalate from PET-derived sodium terephthalate model solution using a chitosan-based polymer inclusion membrane

The rise of polyethene terephthalate (PET) has raised environmental concerns. Alkaline hydrolysis enables recovery of terephthalate (TP 2 − ), but efficient separation remains challenging. Thus, the separation method for TP 2 − requires further study. In this study, a chitosan-ba...

Negotiating ageing governance: older women’s leisure transitions from plaza dancing to U3A learning in urban China

Numerous studies have highlighted the benefits of leisure for older women, yet the dynamics and consequences of their movements between leisure spaces remain underexplored. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork in two north-western Chinese communities (2024–2025), this paper examines...

Phytochemical-engineered silver nanoparticles: surface functionalization, polymeric interfaces, and biomedical applications

Plant-based phytochemicals that operate as reducing and coordinating agents also create sustainable (green) frameworks for the construction of silver nanostructures (AgNPs). This review covers the inorganic and coordination chemistry underlying phytochemical-mediated AgNPs format...

A low-complexity optical OFDM physical layer for AI-native 6G visible light communication networks

Abstract The sixth generation (6G) networks native to artificial intelligence (AI) are expected to enable intelligent and real-time communication services, which increase the processing needs across the network nodes. Therefore, future visible light communication (VLC) systems ba...

Annealing-induced evolution of structure, optical properties, and crystallisation kinetics in co-precipitated CdS nanoparticles

Cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles were synthesised via co-precipitation to investigate the effect of annealing temperature on their structural, optical, and morphological properties. The nanoparticles were annealed at 150–400 °C and studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis s...

Corporate ownership and the effectiveness of management accounting tools in enhancing ESG performance

This research explores how management accounting instruments, Balanced Scorecard (BSC), Benchmarking, and Environmental Management Accounting (EMA), affect ESG performance in publicly-traded food firms in Asia between 2019 and 2023. With panel data of 51 companies, and fixed effe...

Prioritizing usability attributes in bottled food packaging for older consumers using the Kano model

Bottled food packaging may pose operational challenges for older adults due to age-related declines in physical strength, joint mobility, and sensory perception. However, limited research has systematically examined how different packaging usability attributes influence user sati...

Brine Pretreatment Improves Ion-Exchange Resin Regeneration with Associated Physicochemical Changes

Abstract Regeneration efficiency governs the long-term performance and sustainability of ion-exchange processes, yet resin fouling and limited accessibility of exchange sites can restrict regeneration effectiveness and ion transport. This study investigates controlled brine pretr...

Efficiency vs. safety in AI-enabled medical education: an ethical analysis of AI as a bridge or a wedge

Abstract: Artificial intelligence is rapidly changing medical education, promising faster workflows and richer learning resources while quietly reshaping how future clinicians think and act. This paper examines the central tension between efficiency and safety in AI-enabled medic...

National cultural dimensions and materiality assessment disclosure in sustainability reporting: cross-country evidence from the world’s leading companies

Abstract Materiality assessment is increasingly used in sustainability reporting to enhance transparency in identifying material sustainability issues. However, limited studies examine the determinants of materiality assessment disclosure (MAD), particularly at the country level....

A Satellite-Based Framework for Flood Mapping: Enhancing Explainability Through Multispectral Indices and SHAP Analysis

While machine learning (ML) models have shown considerable promise for modelling complex environmental phenomena such as floods, their adoption in flood mapping is often constrained by limited interpretability. This study develops an integrated SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP...