The Open University

Grumbling through time

Abstract In this paper, we introduce an annotation scheme for other-addressed complaints, listing and exemplifying the most important parameters that emerged from our analysis of three datasets: historical correspondence data (seventeenth to nineteenth century), present-day e-mai...

Quantifying pollen and spore morphology using a language model

In a typical systematic paper, specimen morphology is described with natural language, and taxonomic specialists use glossaries of technical terminology to establish and communicate taxon concepts, using morphology to delimit species. Textual descriptions of specimen morphology a...

Individual Five-Dimensional Witnesses in SInC

The Witness sector is taken to comprise individual five-dimensional entities; wavefunctions and densities describe those entities without constituting their ontology. This supplement selects one explicit massive-worldline completion and includes the distinct ECO gravitational car...

Thermally metamorphosed CM chondritic clasts reveal deep interior conditions: Insights from thermometry

We studied four coarse-grained crystalline clasts within CM carbonaceous chondrites to constrain their thermal history and origin. These clasts have near-identical mineralogies, dominated by olivine (Fa 37 or Fa 40 ), with lesser quantities of high-Ca pyroxene (diopside: Fs 10-11...

Pineal calcite microcrystals: an overlooked interface between structure and signalling in neural systems

Preprint version of a manuscript submitted to Biological Rhythm Research. This version has not yet undergone peer review.

Counting the costs? The weight of administrative burden in widening participation

Administrative burden theory, emerging from public administration research, centres individuals’ subjective experiences of policy implementation as onerous. Its applicability to higher education (HE) studies, particularly in the United Kingdom , has driven our intellectual curios...

The Vacuum as a Hand-off of Information

This paper states that space is not a substance. It is the hand-off of information across the vacuum, the same passage by which one trapped gradient writes and the next hold receives. What is called the quantum foam is that traffic. A virtual pair is one hand-off, both directions...

Estimation of the relative effectiveness and waning of the monovalent third dose of COVID-19 vaccine against hospital admission in France: a novel self-controlled case series analysis.

We present a novel application of the SCCS method for estimating the effectiveness and waning of the third dose of COVID-19 monovalent vaccine in France. We used data on individuals hospitalised for COVID-19 between September 2021 and February 2022 from the Système National des D...

Linguistic challenges in English-medium instruction: a comparative study of electronics engineering and international relations

Abstract This quantitative study examined the linguistic challenges experienced by participants in English Medium Instruction (EMI) programmes by comparing two academic programmes (i.e., electronics engineering and international relations) at seven public universities in Turkey,...

One Action: The Draw and the Write

This paper states that heat propagates by one operation. A vibrating mass spends energy and writes information into the medium it acts on. The medium may be air, water, or space. The operation does not change when the medium changes. Action converts immobile heat into mobile heat...

Artificial Intelligence‐Related Digital Skills and Employment Outcomes for Underrepresented Women

ABSTRACT This study examines whether signaling AI‐related digital skills improves employment outcomes for women from underrepresented groups defined by race, age, sexual orientation and autism‐spectrum disclosure in England. The findings indicate that underrepresented women recei...

The lord deputy’s deputy: Christopher Wandesford’s role in Sir Thomas Wentworth’s Irish administration of Charles I’s reign

Abstract This article explores the difficult role played by Christopher Wandesford (1592–1640) when he acted as deputy to Sir Thomas Wentworth (later earl of Strafford), lord deputy and then lord lieutenant of Ireland from 1632–40. Wentworth was reliant on a small group of close...

The Effect of Ethnic Stereotypes and Evaluators’ Ethnic Identity on Funding-Worthiness: Evidence About Latinx Entrepreneurs in the United States

Abstract Despite the growing importance of entrepreneurship as a pathway to economic mobility, ethnic minority entrepreneurs continue to face persistent disadvantages in access to capital, particularly following business failure. This study examines how ethnic stereotypes and eva...

Two Waves, One Heat, and the Lock that Writes Spacetime

This paper states an open-or-closed mechanics for two modes of one budget. Uncoupled, the budget appears as a photonic mode (electrical energy \(E\), no magnetic display \(B\)) and as a massive mode (mass \(m\), no display \(g\)). The identification of the massive mode with the S...

Two Waves, One Heat, and the Lock that Writes Spacetime

This paper states an open-or-closed mechanics for two modes of one budget. Uncoupled, the budget appears as a photonic mode (electrical energy \(E\), no magnetic display \(B\)) and as a massive mode (mass \(m\), no display \(g\)). The identification of the massive mode with the S...

The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) Fast Analysis and Spectroscopy of Transients (FAST) Surveys

Abstract The study of young and fast astronomical transients is often limited by the difficulty of acquiring data, particularly spectra, within hours to days of explosion. Historically, follow-up programmes have rarely obtained spectra until many days after discovery; coupled wit...

SN 2024iss: A Multiwavelength Exposé of a Type IIb Supernova with an Early-time Ultraviolet Spectrum and Shock-breakout Constraints

Abstract We present multiwavelength observations and analysis of SN 2024iss, a Type IIb supernova (SN IIb) located at ∼14 Mpc. The first Zwicky Transient Facility detection of SN 2024iss is ∼40 minutes after first light (one of the earliest detections of a SN IIb to date) and a H...

Cassini CDA observes compositional segregation of Enceladus’ ice grains from slow freezing and fragmentation of oceanic spray

Salt-rich ice particles, termed Type 3, are a major compositional group within Enceladus’ plume and Saturn’s E ring and are thought to represent frozen micrometer-sized aerosolized droplets of Enceladus’ salty subsurface ocean. Here, we present an analysis on the basis of ≈1000 m...

Educating for Trustworthy Hybrid AI: Curriculum-Level Hybridization in an MSc AI Program

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), Knowledge Graphs (KGs), and other heterogeneous AI technologies is changing not only how intelligent systems are designed but also how AI should be taught. As trustworthy AI increasingly emerges from the interaction among neu...

JuRa: The Juventas Radar on Hera Mission to Probe Internal Structure of Didymos and Dimorphos Asteroids

Abstract JuRa, the Juventas Radar, is the sounding radar of the Hera/ESA mission on cruise to the asteroid Didymos and its moon, Dimorphos. In 2027, it will, for the first time, do direct observation of the internal structure of an asteroid for the benefit of both science and pla...