Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt

Filling the gaps in high-priority reference materials for implementing metrological traceability in laboratory medicine

Abstract The global harmonization of measurements in laboratory medicine is facilitated by the development and implementation of reference measurement systems, including suitable certified reference materials (CRMs). There are, however, a relatively small number of CRM producers...

Road transport of trapped antiprotons

Abstract Low-energy antiprotons confined in ultrahigh-vacuum Penning traps 1 enable precision investigations of charge, parity and time-reversal (CPT) invariance 2 to test the fundamental symmetry between matter and antimatter. These studies are driven by the search for physics b...

Continuous-wave laser absorption spectroscopy of the thorium-229 nucleus

Abstract The low-energy nuclear transition in thorium-229 (Th-229) has been excited in thorium-doped crystals with laser light 1–3 , opening the path towards a highly stable and robust solid-state optical nuclear clock 4 . The required laser radiation at 148-nm wavelength has so...

International Intercomparison of Primary Photovoltaic Reference Cell Calibrations With Excellent Agreement

This study presents the results of an international intercomparison of primary calibration methods for photovoltaic (PV) reference devices according to IEC 60904‐4. The comparison involves three leading calibration laboratories—PTB, NLR, and AIST—representing independent traceabi...

X-ray absorption and resonant x-ray emission at the carbon edge of Li2CO3

While highly successful, density functional theory is known to have limitations owing to its neglect of many-body electron-electron interactions. This neglect leads to errors in the single-particle energies, leading to underestimated bandgaps and bandwidths as well as errors in b...

Reproducible human reward imaging phenotypes exhibit differential sensitivity to dopamine D2 receptor antagonism

Abstract Human reward processing varies along cue-centric and outcome-centric axes, but a reproducible mechanistic account of individual variation in incentive salience attribution has been lacking. Using fMRI across five cohorts (N-total=1,251; N1=890; N2=245; N3=34; N4=48; N5=3...

Fetal Magnetocardiography Using Optically Pumped Magnetometers: A Literature Review

Fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) provides direct non-invasive assessment of fetal cardiac electrophysiology, enabling detailed evaluation of cardiac rhythm, conduction, and repolarization. However, the clinical adoption of conventional fMCG has been limited by its reliance on sup...

Plastic incompatibility stresses arising from slip and twinning in extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy: In-situ synchrotron diffraction analysis using self-consistent modeling

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the bulk internal stress evolution within an extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy subjected to both in-situ uniaxial tensile and compressive loading. Using energy-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction (ED XRD), first-order macros...