Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

The AWAKEN wind farm benchmark – Part 2: Modeling results

Abstract. Accurately modeling wind farm performance in complex atmospheric flows remains a challenge. This paper presents the modeling results of the American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN) wind farm benchmark, a collaborative effort involving 16 research groups from academia and indus...

Optical Basicity of Glasses: Review and Application in Nuclear Glass Formulation

ABSTRACT Optical basicity (OB) values have been compiled, reviewed, and computed for 95 binary oxides using electronegativity, ionic–covalent parameter, and optical properties methods. The merits of the various scales are discussed. A current, self‐consistent set of values are re...

Improving simulation of Earth system variability through weakly coupled ocean data assimilation in E3SM

Abstract. Accurate initialization of ocean states is essential for skillful prediction of Earth system variability across seasonal-to-decadal timescales. In this study, we evaluate the impact of a newly developed four-dimensional ensemble variational (4DEnVar)-based weakly couple...

Declining hydraulic safety in a drier world

Forests worldwide are increasingly exposed to soil drought under climate change, with their fates depending on the ability to maintain essential functions like water transport (hydraulics) and photosynthesis. Acclimation is expected to mitigate drought impacts, but the extent to...

Draft genome sequences of 14 bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere of bioenergy sorghum

ABSTRACT We report the draft genome sequences of a collection of 14 bacterial isolates obtained from the rhizosphere soil of bioenergy sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). These isolates represent the genera Acidovorax , Nocardioides , Agrobacterium , Peribacillus , Caulobacte...

Leveraging Data‐Driven and Fundamental Insights for Electrolyte Innovation in Lithium Metal Batteries

ABSTRACT The rise of data science and decades of accumulated battery research have paved the way for the general use of computing in research. Here, the largest experimental coulombic efficiency (CE) dataset curated from over 100 scientific articles under strict selection criteri...

Powder-to-near net shape manufacturing: in-situ friction stir forging of soft magnetic composites

Abstract Soft magnetic materials are critical to the performance, energy efficiency, and miniaturization of electric motors. While laminated soft magnetic materials have dominated the industry, the demand for soft magnetic composites (SMCs) is rapidly growing in applications requ...

Relating biomarkers and phenotypes using dynamical trap spaces

Connecting the dynamics of biomolecular networks to experimentally measurable cell phenotypes remains a central challenge in systems biology. Here, we introduce a model-based definition of phenotype as a partial steady state that is committed to a certain dynamical outcome while...

MARLOWE: taxonomic characterization of unknown samples for forensics using de novo peptide identification

Abstract We present a computational tool, MARLOWE, for source organism characterization of unknown, forensic biological samples. The intent of MARLOWE is to address a gap in applying proteomics data analysis to forensic applications. MARLOWE produces a list of potential source or...

Enhancement of cytokine-mediated beta-cell apoptosis by free fatty acids

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from dysfunction and loss of the insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. The body’s lipid metabolism is strongly regulated during this process but there is a need to understand how this regulation contributes to the β-cell death. Here, we investigated...

Synthesisand Magnetism of Silver Chromium SelenideSpinels

Abstract Chalcogenide spinels exhibit electronic and magnetic properties that are tunable through lattice occupancy and composition. Here, we report the first synthesis of spinel-phase Ag2Cr2Se4 and AgCr2Se4 and demonstrate an oxidation-induced ferro-to-ferrimagnetic transition a...

Redox-MediatedReversible C–C Bond Cleavagein Aqueous Electrochemical Systems

Abstract Redox-active organic molecules provide a versatile platform for applications such as organocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and energy storage; however, parasitic reactions can yield competing bond-forming pathways that trap the molecule in electrochemically inaccessible sta...

Groundwater hysteresis increasingly decouples flowing network length from streamflow as snow shifts to rain

Abstract. Flowing stream networks expand and contract in response to dynamic groundwater levels. Field studies generally associate greater flowing network length (L) with higher streamflow (Q), but this neglects potential hysteresis caused by nonequilibrium groundwater flow after...

Changes in the tropical rainfall seasonal cycle dominated by mesoscale convective systems

Global warming is reorganizing atmospheric circulation and hydroclimate, and tropical rainfall is a key manifestation of this response. Yet how these large-scale changes are translated into the tropical rainfall seasonal cycle remains uncertain because organized convection, which...

Delivering building demand flexibility for grid-interactive operation: from perception and cognition to decision, execution, and verification

As both buildings and power systems undergo rapid decarbonization, demand flexibility (DF) in buildings has emerged as a key enabler for renewable energy integration, grid reliability, energy resilience, and efficient and low carbon operation. By dynamically adjusting building en...

A Field Guide to Corralling the Chaos: A Planning Framework for Using Models to Guide Opportunistic Field Studies of Natural Disturbances

Abstract Watersheds regulate biogeochemical processes and provide ecosystem services to human societies, but disturbances can fundamentally alter these processes across space and time. Determining when and where to sample to capture disturbance impacts in watersheds remains a cen...

Experimental methods in chemical engineering: The scientific method versus engineering design methodology

Abstract Engineering graduate students confuse the scientific method and problem solving when presenting their pre‐doctoral exams and theses: Science discourse adopts question and hypotheses to assert and establish a study's rationale, while it is problem and objectives in engine...

Significance of Size‐Dependent Hygroscopicity Parameterization for Aerosol‐Cloud Interactions

Abstract Aerosol‐cloud interactions (aerosol indirect effects) are the most significant source of uncertainties in the effective radiative forcing (ERF) due to aerosols which can act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Uncertainties in the indirect effect can result from systemat...