Nationwide Children's Hospital

Epidemiology of Postoperative Pneumonia in Pediatric Inpatient Surgery: An ACS NSQIP-P Analysis

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative pneumonia (POP) is a serious surgical complication associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Although well described in adult surgical populations, the epidemiology of POP in children remains less clearly defined. Our objectiv...

Anomalies in regional cortical morphology and associations with neurocognitive function in children with prenatal cannabis exposure and unexposed comparisons

Prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) is associated with neurocognitive impairments in childhood, but the underlying neurodevelopmental process remains unclear. In analysis of a subset of data from a prospective cohort of children (age 7–8 years, n = 56) with and without PCE in the US...

In Search of Subtypes of Children With Developmental Disabilities Using the WISC-V: A Latent Profile Analysis

Abstract Purpose Identifying subtypes within autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has often been attempted to better understand the significant heterogeneity within the spectrum. Profiles of cognitive functioning have frequently been investigated as possible subtype definitions, but mo...

Inflammatory Cytokines as Biologic Signatures of the Effect of Dietary Supplementation With Omega Fatty Acids on Autism-Related Behaviors and Features Among Young Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Purpose Evidence for the efficacy of dietary omega fatty acid supplementation as a supportive intervention for autism is mixed. Mechanisms by which supplementation may offer benefit are unclear. Inflammation may contribute to autism-related behaviors and features. This d...

Burden and Risk Factors for Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial morbidity in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients; however, risk factors for severe disease remain incompletely characterized. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study acros...

Innate immune cell-mediated regeneration of acellular vascular grafts in aged hosts

Previously we reported on engineering cell-free vascular grafts that harnessed the potential of the innate immune system to remain patent and regenerate into functional neo-arteries in small and large, preclinical animal models. However, the performance of these grafts in aged ho...

TLR8 Stimulation Leads to Microenvironment Activation and Enhanced Antibody-Dependent Cellular Responses in CLL

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for eliciting immune responses against pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. TLR activation has also been studied for its potential to drive antitumor activity in immune cells. TLR8 is an intracellular receptor that recognizes single-stran...

Quality and concordance of international paediatric sepsis guidelines: a cross-sectional appraisal from the SENTINEL International study

Objectives To evaluate the methodological quality of hospital-specific paediatric sepsis clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) from sites participating in an international study using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool and to assess the consi...

Infectious Adverse Events in Pediatric Paracorporeal Ventricular Assist Devices: An Analysis of the Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) Registry

Infectious adverse events (IAEs) are common in children supported with paracorporeal ventricular assist devices (VADs). This study aimed to identify risk factors for IAEs from the Advanced Cardiac Therapy Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) registry. We conducted a retrospective...

Protocol Development and Implementation for Pediatric Acute Abusive Strangulation at a Tertiary Care Children’s Hospital

Background Strangulation by assault is high-risk and survivors have specific medical and forensic needs. There is no standardized protocol for the evaluation of pediatric victims of acute, abusive, nonfatal strangulation. Aim To develop a pathway and supporting documentation temp...

A Framework for Decisions for Parents Along the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Journey

Parents of children who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) must make many complex decisions during their child’s infancy and early childhood. Identifying key decision points will help guide the development of shared decision-making tools. We began by identifying 4 domains to clas...

Decision Analysis to Inform Screening of the Young: An Interactive Newborn Screening Model

Decision analytic models that project the outcomes of population-based newborn screening compared with clinical identification can inform newborn screening policymaking. A flexible decision analytic model that could be adapted for the many and growing number of conditions being c...

Impact of virus and bacteria co-detection in children with severe malaria

Abstract Background Malaria is a leading cause of death in children under five years of age worldwide. Clinically, malaria, pneumonia, and other febrile illnesses often present with similar symptoms, complicating management. The extent to which respiratory pathogens influence the...

Serologic Screening for Syphilis at Delivery: Mother or Infant?

Abstract Background Congenital syphilis remains a preventable cause of fetal/neonatal morbidity and mortality. The re-emergence of congenital syphilis (CS) in the U.S. has reinforced the need for optimal screening methods in mothers and infants. The Centers for Disease Control an...

Decisions to Disclose Suicide Attempt History: A Qualitative Study

Individuals with a history of suicide attempt may face complex decisions about whether, when, and how to disclose their suicidal behavior history. However, little is known about how they navigate these decisions within family, social, and mental health care contexts. This qualita...

The Pediatric Hospitalist: A Survey of What We Do and Where We Are Going

BACKGROUND: Pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) is undergoing structural transitions, including the discontinuation of the practice pathway to board certification and changes to pediatric resident training, decreasing inpatient exposure. In this context, understanding the compositi...

The Pediatric Hospitalist: A Survey of How We Are Doing

Physician well-being has important implications for clinicians, patients, and health care organizations. Burnout not only takes a human toll but is also associated with reduction in work hours, attrition, and medical errors.1 Conversely, career satisfaction is linked to improved...

Management of neonates born to mothers with reactive serologic tests for syphilis

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The dramatic resurgence of maternal and congenital syphilis in the United States highlights the need for their optimal management as syphilis in pregnancy can result in substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes current epidemiology an...

The gut microbiome in chemotherapy-induced fatigue: Exploring clinical associations and modulation via fecal microbiota transplantation in female mice

Background Fatigue is a common and debilitating side effect of chemotherapy, negatively affecting treatment adherence and survival. Chemotherapy alters gut microbiome composition, and accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbes contribute to chemotherapy-induced fatigue. Bec...

Searching the Druggable Genome using Large Language Models

Summary: The druggable genome encompasses the genes that are known or predicted to interact with drugs. The Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb) provides an integrated resource for discovering and contextualizing these interactions, supporting a broad range of research and clin...