National Oceanography Centre

Antarctic sea ice over the past 130 000 years – Part 2: A review of its role in the Earth system

Abstract. Antarctic sea-ice cover reached historically low levels in 2023, consistent with the simulated decrease in sea-ice extent in response to anthropogenic warming. Antarctic sea ice is closely linked to multiple components of the Earth system, thus its demise could precipit...

A global consistent database of plankton and detritus from in situ imaging by the Underwater Vision Profiler 5

Plankton and detritus are essential components of the Earth's oceans influencing biogeochemical cycles and carbon sequestration. Climate change impacts their composition and fluxes, and marine ecosystems as a whole. To improve our understanding of these changes, standardized obse...

Occurrences of Predicted Wave Overtopping Assessed Using In Situ Winter Observations at an Emergent Beach-Fronted Sea Wall

A growing reliance on (ageing) sea walls to protect people, property and infrastructure is a global coastal management issue. Wave overtopping hazard is increasing in likelihood throughout the year due to sea-level rise and is not only associated with winter storms. Adaptive mana...

A port for Cyrene: pre-colonisation coastal topography and rationale for early port buildings and construction at Apollonia

Abstract English Apollonia on the Cyrenaican coast (eastern Libya) served for over 1,200 years as Cyrene’s harbour and naval base, sustaining trade and defence across the Mediterranean. Although activity at the shoreline predates Cyrene’s formal foundation in 631 BC, much remains...

Amphipods associate with epibiotic filamentous bacteria at a shallow-water hydrothermal vent

In the deep ocean, hydrothermal vents sustain remarkable animal-microbial symbioses, in which bacteria colonizing animal external or internal tissues use reduced chemicals from venting fluids to perform chemosynthesis and nourish their host. Hydrothermal vents also occasionally o...

Micro-scale organization of non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs drives nitrogen fixation in marine particles

Abstract Dinitrogen (N₂) fixation supplies reactive nitrogen to the ocean, and non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) are increasingly recognized as contributors. Marine particles have been theorized as hotspots where low oxygen and labile carbon favor N₂ fixation by NCDs, but emp...

Cloud-Native SIG Workshop: Deploying a Web Application with Kubernetes

The academic world is asking for more web-based software to make research more accessible to both researchers and the public. There are many challenges with writing, maintaining and deploying web services, so how, as an RSE can we make this journey easier. Cloud-Native technology...

RSEs as trainers – the who, why and how of providing digital research skills training

RSEs often provide training for researchers and dRTPs at their local institution in the digital research skills used in their own work. These courses cover a diverse range of topics, from beginners' language courses, to software architecture and efficiency, to specialised tools a...

Experiments in Upskilling Researchers

It is often part of our job as RSEs to train researchers in computational skills, ultimately improving the quality and robustness of research software. However, delivering training effectively and efficiently to a large group of diverse researchers, with different technical skill...

Freshwater‐Induced Surface Cooling of the Subpolar North Atlantic in a Large‐Ensemble, High‐Resolution, Coupled Model

Abstract As a gateway between the Arctic and subtropics, the subpolar North Atlantic plays a key role in large‐scale climate variability. In recent decades, the region has experienced pronounced freshening. While much attention has been paid to the expected long‐term weakening of...

Delayed submarine caldera subsidence creates extreme tsunami hazard

The 2022 Hunga volcano eruption generated one of the largest and most destructive volcanic tsunamis ever recorded. We interpret the timing, nature and relative hazard of volcanic-tsunamigenic processes by combining geophysical, oceanographic, atmospheric, and eye-witness observat...

It's not easy being green: embedding environmental sustainability in training material

UKRI is committed to reaching Net Zero by 2040 and RSE/DRI will be key to achieving this. Green software practices will play a crucial role in this transition and so are increasingly discussed in the community - in part thanks to the Green RSE Special Interest Group. For full ado...

West Antarctic subglacial geology distinguished by Pb isotopes and Rb–Sr ages in ice-rafted feldspars

Provenance data from sediment delivered to the marine environment by icebergs can trace past ice sheet dynamics and help constrain the ice sheet models used in sea level projections. This approach requires an interpretative framework, but in Antarctica, blanketing ice sheets hind...

Tracking Variability in Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Riverine Inputs to the Iberian Margin Over the Last 250 kyr

Abstract The Iberian Margin provides an exceptional archive of climate variability due to its high sedimentation rates. However, uncertainties persist regarding the provenance of terrigenous detrital sediments on the Iberian Margin, and the climate‐driven changes in their source...

A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean-colour satellite applications – version four

Abstract. A global in situ dataset for validation of satellite products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) is presented. This version of the compilation, with data starting in 1996, extends to 2025, which is important for the validation of recent algorit...

Exhumation of Grand Canyon’s basement along the Great Escarpment of Laurentia

The Grand Canyon encompasses two billion years of Earth history, but more than half this record is absent across a regionally extensive erosional surface known as the Great Unconformity. This enigmatic surface has been linked to multi-phase regional tectonics accompanying superco...

Seasonal biogeochemical cycling of permeable sediments in a temperate shelf sea environment

Abstract In highly productive shelf-seas, permeable sediments cover the majority of the benthic environment. However, most research has focussed on shallow environments where currents, tidal flows, terrestrial inputs and benthic productivity have a greater influence than in sedim...

Catalogue of strong nonlinear surprises in ocean, sea-ice, and atmospheric variables in CMIP6

Abstract. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) archive was analysed for the occurrence of Strong Nonlinear Surprises (SNS) in future climate-change projections. To this end, we built an automated detection algorithm to identify SNS in a reproducible manner. T...

Measuring Ocean Surface Waves

Abstract Propagating waves on the ocean surface can be represented as a stochastic process whose statistics are characterized by a spectrum. This paper reviews methods for measuring the wave spectrum and related quantities. Observations begin by sensing fluid dynamical properties...