Leiden University

Regularities No Fluke

Abstract Humean accounts of causality deny the existence of any causal factor that imparts regularity to empirical data. According to the cosmic fluke objection, this makes Humeanism very unlikely, since it must attribute the extensive regularities that we observe to mere chance....

Intergroup violence in bursts

During intergroup confrontations, agitating stimuli such as opponents’ threats and provocations can trigger collective violence, even without the usual mechanisms of ingroup cooperation, such as norms with sanctions. We examine video recordings of street fights between groups of...

Arousal does not enhance the dominant spatial scope of attention

A fundamental aspect of attention is its spatial scope: whether attention is narrowly focused or more broadly distributed across the visual field. Here, we examined whether the spatial scope of attention is modulated by tonic arousal level. Based on findings that arousal amplifie...

Are Dutch GPs selecting the right patients for social prescribing? Analyzing the participants characteristics and their prior health care utilization

Abstract Background Not all healthcare demands are primarily medical in nature and a proportion are related to social or psychosocial challenges. Social Prescribing (SP) programs potentially address the increasing healthcare demands and unmet needs in general practices by prescri...

On the importance of body-size proxies when scaling sexual dimorphism: A case study in Mustelidae

Sexual dimorphism in a focal trait can arise from sex-specific selection acting directly on this trait. Alternatively, it may result from sex-specific selection acting on body size, to which the focal trait is genetically correlated. Quantifying the allometric relationship betwee...

Shape-dependent direction reversal in anisotropic catalytic microswimmers

The propulsion direction of active particles determines their non-equilibrium behavior and has been shown to depend on the propulsion mechanism and environmental conditions. However, whether and how an anisotropic particle shape can influence the propulsion direction is experimen...

Contagion backbone of temporal higher-order networks

Abstract Temporal higher-order networks, where each hyperlink involving a group of nodes is activated or deactivated over time, effectively represent social interactions. They serve as substrates for the spread of epidemics and information. However, the contribution of each hyper...

‘Like a light switch that is on and off at the same time’. A content analysis of signaled metaphors for quantum science and technology in Dutch newspapers

Quantum science and technology is an emerging field of research expected to have a transformative impact on society. Its inherent complexity and counterintuitive nature, however, may pose a barrier to communication with general audiences. Metaphors can play an important role in b...

Including linear landscape elements improves fine-scale species distribution models of bees and hoverflies

Abstract Context Species distribution models combine environmental and occurrence data to map and predict habitat suitability for a species. Predicting species distributions in agricultural regions can be challenging due to historical under-sampling in those areas and the presenc...

Spin-disc misalignment drives periodic accretion and pulse profile asymmetry in X-ray pulsars

Abstract We investigate magnetospheric accretion in disc-fed X-ray pulsars assuming that the neutron star spin axis is not perpendicular to the disc plane. We focus on X-ray pulsars, where a geometrically thin disc is truncated far from the stellar surface the channelled part of...

Catalytic non-energetic formation of diverse peptides on cosmic dust under extraterrestrial conditions

Abstract This study experimentally examines a non-energetic pathway for peptide formation under realistic space conditions. Unlike radiation-driven processes, this mechanism involves low- or zero-barrier reactions at cryogenic temperatures. This provides a less stochastic chemica...

E-values as statistical evidence: a comparison to Bayes factors, likelihoods, and p-values

Abstract A recurring debate in the philosophy of statistics concerns what, exactly, should count as a measure of evidence for or against a given hypothesis. P-values, likelihood ratios, and Bayes factors all have their defenders. In this paper we add two additional candidates to...

The major cluster merger in Abell 2034 as seen by XRISM: Strong turbulence and spectral anomalies?

XRISM observations to date have shown that gas kinetic pressures in the intracluster medium (ICM) tend towards the low end of predictions from cosmological simulations. Here, we present a XRISM observation of the merging cluster Abell 2034, which exhibits the broadest emission li...

Population cycles and hydroclimatic forcing in a wetland oak population: A 1.800-year tree-ring record from the Rhine Delta

Subfossil bog oaks provide high-resolution archives of hydroecological variability in fluvial wetlands. In this study we analyse an exceptionally large dendrochronological dataset of 500 oak trunks recovered from peat deposits in the Angstel–Vecht region of the western Netherland...

Light‐Enhanced Chloride Transport by Thiourea‐Appended Molecular Motor

ABSTRACT The regulation of solute transport across lipid bilayer membranes is central to many biological processes and is typically mediated by protein transporters that dynamically respond to stimuli. The development of artificial systems that emulate such responsive behavior re...

Risk Theory in a Finite Customer-Pool Setting

This paper investigates an insurance model with a finite number of major clients and a large number of small clients, where the dynamics of the latter group are modeled by a spectrally positive Levy process. We begin by analyzing this general model, in which the inter-arrival tim...

Little Red Dots host Black Hole Stars: A unified family of gas-reddened AGN revealed by JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy

Abstract We construct and characterise a sample of 146 little red dots (LRDs) across 2.0 < z < 9.3, selecting all sources with v-shaped UV-optical continua from JWST NIRSpec/PRISM spectra and compact morphologies in NIRCam/F444W imaging. We show that LRD continuum spectra are wel...

A modern toolbox to elucidate the role of the human microbiome in modulating mycobacterial gut infections

Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a major public and veterinary health concern, but the causes are poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the potential of mycobacteria as causative factors for such diseases. We focus on similarities between the most common hu...

Clinicians’ practices and attitudes toward depression assessment: a cross-sectional survey study

<title>Abstract</title> Accurate psychological evaluation is crucial for early detection, intervention and evaluation of mental health disorders. The validity and reliability of psychological evaluation methods have been systematically researched for many decades. However, assess...

Exploring Victim-Offender Interactions During a Ransomware Attack Using LockBit Chat Negotiations

This study explores interactions between ransomware victims and offenders through a qualitative analysis of chat negotiations of the LockBit ransomware group (n=147), providing insight into data exfiltration, extortion, communication and negotiation, payment, and post-payment out...