King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre

Neurosurgical Management of Refractory Trigeminal Neuralgia in Older Adults: A Structured Narrative Review

Background/Objectives: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) disproportionately affects older adults, in whom medication intolerance, drug interactions, comorbidities, and limited physiological reserve may complicate management. This structured narrative review examines the evidence concerni...

Hospital wastewater-based antimicrobial resistance epidemiology: a scoping review

Abstract Introduction: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) offers pooled biological samples of defined populations, complementing clinical surveillance for infectious diseases. Hospitals are hotspots for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We performed a scoping review assessing hosp...

CT-based distribution of paranasal sinus involvement in sinusitis: A retrospective single-centre study

Background Sinusitis is among the most common inflammatory conditions of the paranasal sinuses, and computed tomography (CT) is the reference modality for demonstrating sinus involvement. The maxillary sinus is generally reported as the most frequently affected, but local data fr...

The proportion of infections in patients with vascular anomalies treated with sirolimus: a retrospective study

Sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, is an effective treatment for vascular anomalies (VA), particularly lymphatic malformations. However, its immunosuppressive properties raise concerns regarding infection risk, while the role of antibiotic prophylaxis remains unclear. This study aims...

Algorithm-based approach to the management of rhino-maxillary mucormycosis: part II of a two-part study

Rhino-maxillary mucormycosis (RMM) is an aggressive, life-threatening fungal infection associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. While early diagnosis is universally advocated, robust quantitative evidence delineating how defined diagnostic delays influence objective c...

Total intravenous versus volatile anesthesia in living donor hepatectomy: A global prospective cohort study from the international LDLT registry

The choice between total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and volatile anesthesia for living donor hepatectomy remains controversial, with limited evidence comparing their impact on donor and recipient outcomes. This study evaluates the association between anesthetic technique and e...

Expanding the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of PGAP1 deficiency: clinical and functional insights from 15 patients

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are essential for neuronal development, synaptic organization and signaling. Defects in GPI-anchor biosynthesis or remodeling cause rare neurodevelopmental disorders, including post-GPI attachment to proteins 1 (PGAP1) defi...

Biliary complications in pediatric living donor liver transplantation: An international multicenter analysis of risk and prognostic factors

Biliary reconstruction is often considered the Achilles’ heel of liver transplantation, yet risk factors and outcomes remain poorly defined, particularly in pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). This international multicenter study aims to identify predictors of bi...

Exploring Factors Influencing Vaccine Uptake From the Perspective of Physicians and Public: A Mixed Method Study

ABSTRACT Background Immunisation is recognized worldwide as one of the key strategies for extending life expectancy and improving health outcomes. Developing a national policy that improves the vaccination rate against diseases requires the barriers and facilitators to be identif...

Hospital-Level Determinants of Mortality After Pancreas Surgery

OBJECTIVE: To identify modifiable hospital-level determinants of mortality after pancreas surgery and assess their cumulative protective effects through the development of a Hospital Resource Index (HRI) on a global scale. BACKGROUND: Ninety-day mortality rates after pancreas sur...

Metabolic perturbations associated with ADAT3 variant–related intellectual disability revealed by untargeted metabolomics

Untargeted metabolomics is a powerful analytical approach for characterizing global metabolic alterations associated with physiological and pathological states. This approach is particularly valuable for rare genetic disorders, where metabolic consequences are poorly understood a...

Metabolic Signatures Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination in Serum from Healthy Individuals

Background: COVID-19 vaccines have proven effective in reducing severe disease and mortality from SARS CoV-2 infection. The underlying molecular mechanisms and alterations in the human serum metabolome influencing the effectiveness and development of immunity remain unclear. Meth...

The Global Epidemiology of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Regional Hotspots, Trends, and Future Projections

Purpose of Review This review highlights the global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), assesses comparability of the former definition of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-era estimates with the 2023 steatotic liver disease (SL...

Exploring the Link: A Study on Consanguinity and Orofacial Clefts

Objective To evaluate the association between parental consanguinity and cleft phenotype, family history, syndromic status, regional distribution, and sex-specific presentation among Saudi patients affected by cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Design Retrospective cross-sectional o...

Candidate epistatic mutation clusters in occult hepatitis B virus genotype D: a critical narrative review of the evidence gap and a proposed testable framework

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype D is the dominant genotype across the Middle East. It forms the background against which diagnostic assays, blood-screening algorithms, and vaccination programmes operate in the region. Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), the presence of replicati...

Decitabine Reprograms Temozolomide-Resistant Glioblastoma Through Epigenetic Reactivation and Mesenchymal Attenuation: A Multi-Omics Study

Background/Objectives: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain malignancy in adults, with a median overall survival of approximately 15 months. Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance develops in virtually all patients, and no second-line regimen has improved outcomes over the...

Public Knowledge, Practices, and Acceptance of Smart Health Technologies Addressing Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Saudi Arabia

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a major global public health threat, largely driven by inappropriate antibiotic use. Smart health technologies (SHTs), including mobile health applications and digital stewardship tools, offer promising opportunities to improve a...

Nitrofurantoin Susceptibility and the Landscape of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Uropathogens in Kidney Transplant Recipients During the First Post-Transplant Year

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative urinary tract infections (UTIs) frequently complicate the first post-transplant year in kidney transplant (KTX) recipients. This study characterized patterns of uropathogen susceptibility, MDR prevalence, and predictors of MDR U...

Fecal microbiome transplant in food allergy in humans and mice identifies a role for bile acid metabolites in oral tolerance

The gut microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of food allergy (FA), prompting microbiome-focused interventions. We evaluated, in a phase 1 open-label trial (NCT02960074), the safety and efficacy of oral encapsulated fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) in 15 adults...

Role of consolidative surgery after chemotherapy in recurrent/metastatic adrenal cortical cancer (ACC): Princess Margaret Cancer Centre experience

Recurrent/Metastatic (R/M) ACC is aggressive with few effective treatment options. The role of surgery after chemotherapy remains unclear. Moreover, prognostic factors in R/M ACC are not well defined. R/M ACC patients treated at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (2002–2019) were re...