Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Tracing the Cosmic Origins: Machine Learning Reconstruction of the Primordial Density Field from EoR Observations

Abstract Reconstructing the initial conditions of the Universe from late-time tracers would unlock cosmological information buried by non-linear structure formation and astrophysics. We reconstruct the initial density field corresponding to z = 300, with its linear amplitude extr...

Data-driven Modeling of Telluric Features and Stellar Variability with StellarSpectraObservationFitting.jl

Abstract A significant barrier to achieving the radial velocity (RV) measurement accuracy and precision required to characterize terrestrial mass exoplanets is the existence of time-variable features in the measured spectra, from both telluric absorption and stellar variability,...

Compositional control of magnetocaloric performance and energy losses in LaFe11.5−( x + y )Co x Ni y Si1.5 alloys

Alloys of La(Fe,Si)13 with transition metal substitutions are promising magnetocaloric materials. Here, we systematically investigate Co and Ni substitution in LaFe11.5−(x+y)CoxNiySi1.5 to tune the magnetic and structural properties and assess the resulting impacts on magnetocalo...

Improved estimation of net ecosystem CO 2 exchange over North America using LSTM-based flux upscaling (2001–2021)

Accurate estimation of regional-scale terrestrial carbon budgets is of great importance but remains challenging. With particular advantages, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network method shows potential for improving regional carbon budget upscaling estimations. Here, using LS...

Growth of aromatic hydrocarbon dust particles in the extremely metal-poor galaxy Sextans A

The mid-infrared spectrum of star-forming, high-metallicity galaxies is dominated by emission features from aromatic and aliphatic bonds in small carbonaceous dust grains, often referred to as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In metal-poor galaxies, the abundance of PAHs...

Viable microbial ecology and functional potential of the Integrated Lunar-Mars Analog Habitat revealed by multi-omics analyses

Long-duration human missions to the Moon and Mars will rely on closed, self-sustaining habitats where microorganisms inevitably interact with crew, materials, and life-support systems. While routine cleaning and environmental control can limit microbial growth, viable populations...

Interconnected soil properties modulate compound hurricane-dust events that impact the Americas

Abstract In 2024, several Atlantic tropical cyclones encountered trans-Atlantic African dust, altering weather, air quality, and deposition across the Americas. Using state-of-the-art Earth system modeling, this study highlights that interconnected basic (mineralogy, texture) and...

Uncertainties of GRACE/GRACE-FO Satellite Gravimetry Data and Thereof Derived Products

Abstract Inter-satellite ranging by space gravimetry missions, such as from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission and its successor mission GRACE Follow-On, has been established to observe mass variations in the Earth system from space globally. A complex pr...

Evaluating spectral unmixing techniques using imaging spectroscopy data for retrieval of green, non-photosynthetic vegetation, and soil fractional cover

Estimates of fractional cover of green vegetation (GV), non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV), and soil provide valuable information about the Earth system. As the new generation of Earth visible-to-shortwave infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometers take orbit, global fractional cove...

Open Ocean Biogeochemical Impacts of Extreme Terrestrial Precipitation

Abstract Extreme events reshape ocean ecosystems with significant implications for nutrient and carbon cycling. Here, we demonstrate that flooding on land can be a significant driver of biogeochemical variability in the open ocean, even in relatively dry climates. Using satellite...

Consistency between zonal mean stratospheric and total column ozone trends (2000–2024)

This study presents an updated assessment of stratospheric and total column ozone trends over the 2000–2024 period using six merged limb-profile datasets and six merged total ozone datasets. Long-term changes were quantified using a multiple linear regression framework that accou...

Line-intensity mapping

Line-Intensity Mapping (LIM) has emerged as a powerful technique for studying large-scale structure and the high-redshift universe, enabling three-dimensional maps of line emission across vast cosmological volumes. In this review, we summarize the LIM framework, its key scientifi...

JuRa: The Juventas Radar on Hera Mission to Probe Internal Structure of Didymos and Dimorphos Asteroids

Abstract JuRa, the Juventas Radar, is the sounding radar of the Hera/ESA mission on cruise to the asteroid Didymos and its moon, Dimorphos. In 2027, it will, for the first time, do direct observation of the internal structure of an asteroid for the benefit of both science and pla...

Discovery of a Compact Hub-Filament System in G286.21+0.17 with JWST and ALMA: Insights into Protocluster Formation and Competitive Accretion

Abstract We present a multi-wavelength study of the massive protocluster G286.21+0.17 (G286) using JWST near-infrared (NIR) imaging and ALMA H13CO+(1–0) observations. The JWST images uncover a compact (∼0.5 pc) hub-filament system (HFS), comprising a dense central hub connected b...

The Early Evolution of Deep Space Navigation

Abstract An existing series of papers has described the evolution of deep space navigation over the time interval 1962 to 2021. This paper complements the series by examining a broad range of prior or contemporaneous events, starting in the post-war years, that contributed to the...

Enabling ice sheet models to capture centennial-scale solid Earth feedback with relative ease and sufficient accuracy

Abstract. There is a growing consensus on the critical role that solid Earth processes play in influencing marine ice sheet dynamics over centennial timescales. A large body of literature shows that the feedback mechanisms associated with the solid Earth's gravitational, rotation...

A decagon wave around Saturn’s south pole

Saturn has a unique long-lived, nearly stationary hexagon wave close to its north pole that is coupled to an intense eastward jet. Despite decades of observation, no similar wave has been reported so far in the southern hemisphere or elsewhere on Saturn. Ground-based and Hubble S...

Observations of Atmospheric Helium and Oxygen With SPHEREx

Abstract We present measurements of near‐infrared (NIR) terrestrial airglow produced by helium and oxygen in the exosphere as observed by the Spectro‐Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and ices Explorer (SPHEREx). Using 8 months of survey data obta...

Using LIDAR and SNOTEL data for evaluating the performance of snow water equivalent retrieval using Sentinel-1 repeat-pass interferometry

Abstract. Accurate estimation of snow water equivalent (SWE) at high spatial and temporal resolution remains a critical challenge for hydrologic prediction and climate monitoring. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) provides a promising approach for retrieving SWE by...

Resolving circumarctic zero-curtain phenomena with AI-integrated earth observations

<title>Abstract</title> Across the circumarctic, permafrost landscapes store approximately 1700 billion metric tons of organic carbon - nearly twice atmospheric levels - yet reservoir stability depends on the zero-curtain, a subsurface thermal plateau that emerges when latent hea...