Institute of Science Tokyo

A skeletal–smooth muscle interface mediates levator ani attachment to the rectum and vagina: a macroscopic and histological study

Abstract We aimed to clarify the attachment architecture between the levator ani and the rectum and vagina using integrated macroscopic and histological analyses of human pelvic floor specimens. Macroscopic dissection consistently demonstrated whitish soft tissue at the interface...

Finite-Basis Duality Estimate for the Surface-Code Threshold under Correlated Bit-Flip Errors

We apply finite-basis duality to a statistical-mechanical model introduced by Chubb and Flammia for the surface code under spatially correlated bit-flip noise, for which their mapping gives a random-bond Ising model with both two-body edge interactions and four-body face interact...

The history of enzyme evolution embedded in metabolism.

Whereas phylogenetic reconstructions are a primary record of protein evolution, it is unknown whether the deep history of enzymes is encoded at higher levels of biological organization. Here, we demonstrate that the emergence and reuse history of enzymatic folds is embedded withi...

Derivation of human post-mitotic cardiomyocytes from tetraploid iPSCs

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CMs) have great potential in regenerative medicine. However, iPS-CMs are immature and resemble fetal cardiomyocytes, restricting their application. Fetal cardiomyocytes in the human heart are diploid and proli...

An Eleven-Dimensional Geometric Reading of Lenz's 6π^5 Approximation to the Proton–Electron Mass Ratio — A Doodle with the Unit 11-Ball and Twenty Equatorial Cross-Polytopes

That the proton-to-electron mass ratio m_p/m_e ≈ 1836.15 can be approximated by 6π^5 = 1836.118 is a well-known numerical coincidence, dating from an extremely short 1951 note by F. Lenz. The present paper shows that 6π^5 need not be read as mere number-matching: it can be drawn,...

The Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Cholangiolocarcinoma: A Multicenter Study With a Central Pathology Review

BACKGROUND: Cholangiolocarcinoma (CLC) is a rare liver cancer with ≥ 80% ductular configuration (DC). Given its rarity, its clinicopathological characteristics remain poorly understood, and its status as a distinct disease entity remains controversial. We conducted a nationwide m...

Chimeric pseudomonad phasin enhances biosynthesis of short-medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by Cupriavidus necator employing class II PHA synthase

Copolyesters of ( R )-3-hydroxybutyrate and medium-chain-length ( R )-3-hydroxyalkanoate) [P(3HB- co -mcl-3HA)] are a highly flexible kind of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), although the efficient biosynthesis still remains a challenge. Biosynthesis of P(3HB- co -mcl-3HA) copolyest...

Polymerization as a structuring strategy for hierarchical order and function

Abstract Polymerization has long been used as a tool for structural fixation: liquid or soft precursors are converted into solids. Recent advances in polymerization-based processing technologies have greatly expanded this role, now allowing complex external architectures to be in...