Duke University Hospital

Predictive value of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal screening for MRSA in a clinical culture in solid organ transplant recipients

In this retrospective cohort study of 318 solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, the MRSA nasal PCR demonstrated high specificity (0.95) and negative predictive value (0.98) for MRSA in clinical cultures. In low-risk SOT recipients, negative MRSA nasal PCR may support de-escala...

Indigenous Strengths, Community Care, and Cancer Disparities: Insights from Talking Circles with American Indian Tribes in North Carolina

Abstract Background: American Indian communities experience disproportionally higher cancer incidence and mortality rates compared to other populations in North Carolina (NC). As part of the SAICEP (Southeastern American Indian Cancer health Equity Partnership) initiative, talkin...

Anticoagulation Treatment Response Among Phenotypic ESUS Clusters: Evidence From CASPR

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate treatment effect heterogeneity across phenotypic clusters of patients with cryptogenic embolic stroke using causal inference methods. Methods From a retrospective, multicenter cohort of patients with cryptogenic embolic stroke, we estimated the trea...

Evaluation of Intervention Strategies to Improve Follow-Up Colonoscopy After Abnormal FIT/FOBT Result

Importance Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Early detection through screenings has been shown to improve morbidity and mortality. While fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or fecal occult blood test (FOBT) are established cost-effective scr...

Inpatient Pediatric-to-Adult Transition of Care Consultation Delivery: A Mixed-Methods Study

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated an inpatient transition consultation (ITC) for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with chronic conditions and their caregivers admitted to the hospital to assess ITC content, evaluate how it addressed transition concerns, determine its impact, and identif...

Phylogenetic and phylodynamic approaches to understanding the evolution of non-small cell lung cancer using single-cell sequencing

Abstract Characterizing the genealogy of tumor cells and their population dynamics is central to our understanding of the evolution of cancer. While direct monitoring of the tumor evolutionary process is impractical, we leverage advances in phylogenetics and phylodynamics to expl...

How Many PM2.5 Sensors are Needed to Estimate Daily and Annual Deployed-Network Mean Concentrations in City-Scale Sensor Networks?

Abstract Low-cost PM2.5 sensors make it possible to deploy dense networks, but the density required depends on the monitoring objective and local variability. We examined how well smaller subnetworks reproduce deployed-network daily and annual or study-period mean concentrations...

What are the knowledge, use, and perceived benefits and limitations of artificial intelligence chatbots among Italian nursing students? A cross-sectional multicentre study

Exploring students’ knowledge, use, and perceptions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots may inform strategies in the educational context. However, limited evidence is available on Italian nursing students, leaving this field largely unexplored. A cross-sectional online surve...

Association between chiropractic spinal manipulation and adverse vascular events of the head and neck: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Observational studies have raised concerns about a potential association between chiropractic spinal manipulation (CSM) and craniocervical vascular events (CCVE), including cervical artery dissection and stroke. We tested the null hypothesis of no significant...

Early versus delayed or no empagliflozin initiation after hospitalisation for heart failure in the United States: A target trial emulation

BACKGROUND: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a foundational therapy for heart failure (HF), yet initiation is frequently delayed in clinical practice. Evidence comparing outcomes associated with early versus delayed or no initiation following hospitalisatio...

Rotator Cuff Tears Part II: Subscapularis Repair, Augmentation, and Tendon Transfer—An International Expert Consensus Statement

PURPOSE: To establish updated international consensus statements on subscapularis repair, graft/patch augmentation and superior capsular reconstruction, and tendon transfers for rotator cuff tears, reflecting new evidence, evolving techniques, and ongoing areas of controversy. ME...

Rotator Cuff Tears Part I: Diagnosis, Nonoperative Management, and Repair of Posterosuperior Tears—An International Expert Consensus Statement

PURPOSE: To establish updated international consensus statements on the diagnosis, nonoperative management, and repair of posterosuperior rotator cuff tears, reflecting new evidence, evolving techniques, and ongoing areas of controversy. METHODS: A consensus process on the treatm...

From Trace Element Biogeochemistry to Critical Minerals Resourcing: Lessons Learned and Opportunities for Innovation

Abstract Critical minerals and materials, which are raw materials essential to modern technologies yet vulnerable to supply disruption, have emerged as a major focal point of research to diversify resources, advance processing technologies, and bolster supply chains. Many of thes...

Definitions of Return to Play After Shoulder Surgery in Competitive Athletes Are Nonspecific and Unstandardized: A Systematic Review

Purpose To characterize return to play (RTP) definitions in shoulder surgery literature involving competitive athletes and evaluate their quality. Methods A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guide...

Thiol‐yne Click Polymer Platform for Protecting Steerable Neuroendoscope Tools

ABSTRACT Neurosurgical interventions rely increasingly on minimally invasive (MI) approaches, yet most MI surgical tools are rigid and have limited dexterity. Tendon‐actuated continuum robots are an emerging strategy employing a notched body to afford curvilinear motion upon pull...

Smartphone AI-Enabled Lateral Flow Immunoassay Platform Using Advanced Quantum Dots for Intelligent Quantitative Diagnostics

Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are widely used in point-of-care diagnostics for their low cost and simplicity, but conventional formats rely on subjective visual readout and lack quantitative accuracy and sensitivity. Here, we present a smartphone-guided, artificial-intelligen...

A framework and practical guide for conducting double-blind randomized clinical trials combining transcranial electrical stimulation and psychotherapy

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is a non-invasive technique for modulating neural activity with minimal side effects, making it ideal for delivery concurrent with evidence-based psychotherapy. However, combining these modalities introduces unique methodological challeng...

Subset-guided IL-15 expansion of NK cells amplifies antigen-specific CD4+ T cell immunity in melanoma

Abstract Background Natural killer (NK) cells comprise heterogeneous subsets with distinct developmental trajectories and effector functions; however, whether specific NK subsets can selectively coordinate adaptive antitumor immunity remains unclear. We identified a bone marrow-d...

Variable Expressivity in Long QT Syndrome Type 2 Rabbits Defines a Low Threshold for Therapeutic I Kr Restoration

Long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2) is caused by pathogenic variants in the hERG potassium channel, resulting in QT prolongation, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (pVT), and sudden cardiac death. We previously developed a transgenic LQT2 rabbit model that recapitulates the human di...

Shoulder Surgery Studies in Contact and Collision Athletes Prioritize Patient‐Reported Outcomes but Infrequently Report Athlete‐Specific Measures: A Systematic Review

Purpose To systematically evaluate outcome reporting practices in studies of shoulder surgery in competitive contact and collision sport athletes and determine whether athlete‐relevant outcome measures are being used. Methods A systematic search based on Preferred Reporting Items...