Dartmouth College

From Signals to Measurands: A Measurement-Science Roadmap for Reproducible Analytical Biochemistry

Abstract Analytical biochemistry often reports kinetic or binding constants as though they were observed directly. Each result is instead inferred from an instrumental signal. Calibration establishes the scale, biochemical and observation models connect the signal to a target, an...

The loss of canopy ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) from North American forests may result in homogenization of understory flora

In North America, many canopy ash trees ( Fraxinus spp.) are being eliminated from forests by the Emerald Ash Borer ( Agrilus planipennis ). This is yet another case of a native tree species being functionally eliminated by non-native pests. Lasting effects on forests might be mi...

The Steklov Spectrum of Convex Polygonal Domains II: Investigating Spectral Determination

Abstract The extent to which the geometry of an object is determined by some associated spectral data is a longstanding problem. We investigate this problem in the context of the Steklov spectrum, focusing on convex polygons. We prove that almost all triangles are uniquely determ...

Prenatal Water Fluoride Exposure and Children’s Behavioral Problems

Importance Although fluoride exposure at high levels during the perinatal period has been associated with socioemotional problems among children, there is limited evidence regarding potential associations at lower levels of fluoride exposure, particularly in the US. Objective To...

Firelight and the origins of spoken language

Language and fire are hallmarks of the human condition, but most scholars treat them as independent traits. We develop a theory for the origin of language that links both touchstones of human evolution. First, we show that precursors to language were probably rooted in the gestur...

Post‐traumatic Psychopathology and Cardiovascular Risk: A Danish Case–Control Study of Sex‐Specific Associations

Background There is increasing recognition that trauma exposure and related psychiatric consequences predict cardiovascular disease risk. However, most research has specifically examined post‐traumatic stress disorder—despite evidence that a range of psychiatric disorders may fol...

The working memory advantage for meaningful stimuli persists under high levels of proactive interference

Previous work has shown that visual working memory performance is higher for recognizable and meaningful stimuli relative to meaningless, but physically matched, stimuli (e.g., Asp et al., 2021). Here, we test whether the benefit for meaningful stimuli arises due to active storag...

Review of oxygen measurement and relevance to the mechanisms of FLASH radiotherapy

FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is the phenomenon of relative sparing of normal tissue when ultra-high dose rates (UHDR) are used compared with conventional dose rates (CDR) as clinically used. Despite extensive investigation, the underlying mechanisms remain unexplained. Among the...

Sensory context improves language prediction in humans and LLMs

Language is a fundamental human capacity. Large language models (LLMs) have presented the first viable model of language outside of humans, yet how these models learn and use language differs significantly from humans. Here, we compare LLMs and humans predicting language with var...

Exploratory Continuous-Time Modeling (Expct): Extracting Dynamic Features from Irregularly Spaced Time Series

model: (1) addresses intensive data across virtually any time scheme, (2) allows for data collected at different time scales to predict themselves and one another, and (3) makes fewer assumptions about the functional forms of the longitudinal system dynamics between variables.

Louis IX’s letter to the French of August 1250 (Part 1): a new edition and translation

Louis IX’s letter to the French, written from Acre in 1250 upon the king’s decision to delay his return to France, is one of our key sources for the events of Louis’ crusade to Egypt in 1249-1250. The received text of the letter goes back to a mid-thirteenth-century manuscript (B...

Real-Time Symptom and Wearable Monitoring May Improve Prediction of Postoperative Recovery in Lumbar Spine Surgery Beyond Standard Measures

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Accurately identifying candidates likely to benefit from surgery and addressing modifiable preoperative risk factors are central to optimizing outcomes. Current prediction tools often rely on static clinical data and patient-reported measures, which lac...

The Star Formation History and Evolution of the Ultra-Diffuse M81 Satellite F8D1

Abstract We present deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of one of the nearest ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) outside of the Local Group: F8D1, a satellite of M81 known to be tidally disrupting. UDGs are an enigmatic and diverse population, with evolutionary pathways ranging...

Why Is the Mental Health of the Youngest American Workers in Decline?

The worsening mental health of young workers drives what appeared to be the disappearance of the age-related U-shape in wellbeing and the hump-shape in illbeing over the last decade. Using repeat cross-sectional data, we show that, whilst illbeing remains hump-shaped among non-wo...

Host DNA repair factors empower a mechanism of antiviral nucleoside analog resistance

ABSTRACT How host functions affect resistance to antiviral drugs is poorly understood. Ganciclovir, a chain-terminating nucleoside analog, is a first-line therapy against human cytomegalovirus, a widespread herpesvirus that causes life-threatening disease in immunocompromised ind...

Kernel smoothing operators on thick open domains

We study the convergence properties of a general family of normalized Markovian kernels on a domain $$\Omega$$ in the Euclidean space. Based on the notion of a thick set we show that a local Hardy-Littlewood inequality holds in $$L^p(\Omega)$$ , $$p \in (1, \infty]$$ when $$\Omeg...

Understandingthe Electronic Structure of RutheniumOxides during Redox Cycling with High Energy Resolution X-rayAbsorption Spectroscopy

Abstract Ruthenium oxides are essential catalysts and charge storage materials whose performance across reactions, from the oxygen evolution reaction to the chlor-alkali process, depends critically on reversible Ru redox cycling and the associated electronic structure changes. Al...

Light‐Cone Shell Queries for Scalable Time‐Gated Rendering

Abstract Monte Carlo time‐gated rendering requires sampling light paths that not only connect a sensor to an emitter, but which also have a total travel time that falls within a narrow interval, a constraint that is difficult to importance sample. We show that this problem has an...

Innate immune recognition of Debaryomyces hansenii requires Dectin-1-Card9 signaling

ABSTRACT Innate immune signaling plays a key role in host response to infection, yet the pattern recognition receptors that detect non-model gut-associated yeasts remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated macrophage sensing of Debaryomyces hansenii , a food-derived yeast that...

Plants, soil, and coexistence: an alternative approach to modelling plant-soil feedback

Abstract Background and Aims Plant-soil feedback (PSF) affects plant coexistence and diversity. Although the current paradigm provides a direct experimental method to quantify PSF and explains coexistence with varying levels of success, the emphasis on pairwise interactions hinde...