Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

Why does El Niño develop slowly but decay rapidly

El Niño events typically develop slowly but decay rapidly, yet the processes driving this phase asymmetry remain insufficiently quantified. Here we diagnose the mixed-layer heat budget over integration depths ranging from 30 to 100 m and introduce a depth-resolved diagnostic fram...

Digital twin for city traffic emissions using deep vision and real time monitoring

Urban on-road air pollution remains a pervasive threat to public health, yet its management is fundamentally constrained by a lack of spatiotemporal precision in emission inventories. Conventional inventories rely on static, registration-based proxies that fail to capture the hig...

The recent enhancement of the surface melt over the Antarctic Peninsula dictated by thermodynamics

Intense surface melt and subsequent meltwater ponding are the key triggers for the disintegration of ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). Although a long-term decline in AP surface melt has been evident since the early 1990s, episodes of intense surface melt events have f...

Advancing boundary-layer physics via Doppler wind LiDAR dynamic-thermodynamic profiling

Simultaneous, high-resolution measurements of boundary-layer dynamics and thermodynamics remain a longstanding observational challenge. We present a Doppler wind LiDAR–based retrieval that derives virtual potential temperature from TKE-budget buoyancy residuals, enabling concurre...