China Meteorological Administration

Green manure species composition differentially regulates soil N₂O emissions and their environmental drivers in subtropical tea plantations

Green manure intercropping is widely advocated for improving soil fertility in perennial cropping systems, yet its effects on soil N₂O emissions remain poorly quantified in tea plantations. This study assessed N₂O fluxes under three intercropping regimes, i.e., no intercropping (...

Fractal Dimension of Shallow Cumulus Cloud Boundaries Beyond Bulk Fractal Scaling

Abstract Cloud boundaries reflect turbulent mixing and cloud–environment interactions, but their geometric complexity remains poorly quantified. Here, we investigate the complexity of shallow cumulus cloud edge using two fractal approaches: the bulk area–perimeter method and the...

Supersaturation Fluctuation Modulates Warm Rain Formation in Cumulus Clouds: Implications for Hygroscopic Cloud Seeding

Abstract Recent observational studies have demonstrated that supersaturation fluctuations (SS’) in clouds induced by turbulence at scales smaller than 100 m can significantly affect microphysical processes such as aerosol activation and droplet condensation. However, subgrid‐scal...

Cloud vertical structure across China from a national Ka-band cloud radar network: thermodynamic, dynamical, and land-surface controls

Abstract. Cloud vertical structure plays a central role in regulating Earth’s radiation balance and hydrological cycle, yet it remains poorly represented in weather and climate models due to limited high-resolution observations. Using a newly established national network of 80 Ka...

Warm-sector heavy rainfall over the eastern China plains: identification, characteristics, and precursor dynamic signals

Abstract. Warm-sector heavy rainfall (WSHR) features small spatial scales, posing critical forecast challenges, while its fractional contribution to regional heavy rainfall and its short-term precursors remain poorly quantified. Drawing on 2021–2025 warm-season (June–September) o...

A process-oriented framework for daily dynamic monitoring of summer maize drought: From meteorological stress to agricultural impact

CONTEXT The progression of crop drought from meteorological deficit to agricultural damage is a continuous, stage-specific process. However, prevailing drought monitoring approaches, including single-type indices (e.g., SPI) and integrated composite indices (e.g., CDI), either fa...

Reconstructed Evapotranspiration in Northern China: Trends, Drivers, and Ecohydrological Impacts

ABSTRACT Attributing regional evapotranspiration (ET) and assessing its impacts are critical for understanding land‐atmosphere interactions in climate‐sensitive regions such as northern China. This study fuses six gridded ET products with in situ measurements using Random Forest...

Relationships between meteorological factors and mosquito vector density in an Urban District of Shanghai, China (2018–2024)

Weather-based early warning systems for mosquito-borne diseases require quantitative understanding of the non-linear and delayed effects of meteorological factors on vector dynamics, yet these remain poorly characterised for Aedes albopictus in subtropical urban settings. We anal...

WTC-CNXGRN: An Operational Wind Turbine Clutter Detection Model for Dual-Polarization Radar Under Complex Weather

Wind turbine clutter (WTC) can severely degrade the quality of meteorological radar data, particularly under complex weather conditions. Because WTC echoes can substantially overlap with precipitation echoes, they may introduce considerable errors into weather identification and...

Adaptive observation weighting in TCKF1D-Var for ground-based multi-sensor thermodynamic retrievals prior to nocturnal heavy precipitation over China

Abstract. Ground-based microwave radiometers (GMWRs) and Mie–Raman lidars (MRLs) provide valuable thermodynamic observations for atmospheric profiling, but conventional variational retrieval frameworks typically rely on static observation weighting assumptions that may not adequa...

Physics-constrained transfer learning with a spectral-fidelity-preserving model for satellite remote sensing applications

Abstract. Accurate spectral transformation across satellite sensors with similar but different spectral response functions (SRFs) are essential for applying the same retrieval algorithms. A novel physics-constrained transfer learning (TL) framework is developed for transferring s...

PLUME: Staged Fusion of FY-4A AGRI and Rain-Gauge Observations for Bidirectional Refinement of Short-Duration Heavy-Rainfall Warnings

Local short-duration heavy-rainfall warning requires early assessment of hazardous rainfall within a specified neighborhood. Geostationary meteorological satellites provide frequent, spatially continuous observations of cloud systems and storm evolution, but only indirectly refle...

Climate warming and intensified precipitation extremes triggered regime shifts in Lake Ayakkum, East Kunlun Mountains

Study Region Ayakkum Lake on the Kumukuli Basin. Study Focus This study utilizes the meteorological and lake-level data to analyze climatic and hydrological change in the Ayakkum Lake region during 1961–2023, elucidating the driver mechanisms through which climate variablity and...

An All-Weather Land Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval Method Integrating Physical Constraints and Machine Learning

Atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) is an essential geophysical parameter for weather forecasting, climate change research and hydrological studies. Spaceborne passive microwave sensors support all-weather PWV observation, yet accurate retrieval of land PWV still faces gre...

A deep neural network for CrIS cloud detection and transfer to HIRAS via implicit contrastive learning

Accurately identifying whether a field of view of satellite hyperspectral infrared sounders is clear or cloudy is critical for geophysical parameter retrieval and meteorological applications. In this study, a deep neural network is developed for cloud detection in Cross-track Inf...

Anthropogenic modulation of ice-nucleating particles over the Yellow and East China Seas: Shipboard observations and single-particle analysis

To address the scarcity of observational data on atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs) over the mixed marine-continental environments of East Asia, shipboard measurements were conducted over the Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS) in April 2022. Aerosol samples were co...

Research on deep learning-based missing echo restoration method for weather radar mosaic data

Radar mosaic data represent a critical and widely utilized resource in weather forecasting. Nevertheless, the frequent occurrence of regional radar echo gaps, caused by factors including radar hardware malfunctions, data delivery delays, and software processing errors – each cont...

Small bias, large errors: a dual-perspective evaluation of numerical model near-surface wind direction over beijing megacity

Abstract Accurate surface wind fields are essential for understanding moisture transport and heavy rainfall forecasts, yet the ability of kilometer-scale numerical models to capture wind direction over heterogeneous surfaces remains poorly quantified. Using the EARS1km reanalysis...

Characteristics and Ambient Conditions of Mesoscale Convective Systems Moving Offshore in the Yangtze‐Huai River Basin, East China

Abstract This work for the first time studies the characteristics and environment conditions of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that move offshore (i.e., land to sea, LS) in the Yangtze‐Huai River Basin (YHRB), East China. In the warm season (April–September), LS MCSs account...

The Role of Local Wave Activity in Influencing Extreme Precipitation Patterns Over North and Northeast China

ABSTRACT Warm‐season extreme precipitation over North and Northeast China is a major regional hazard and is strongly influenced by large‐scale atmospheric circulation. However, how large‐amplitude wave activity varies among different spatial patterns of extreme precipitation rema...