Magic state cultivation on a superconducting quantum processor
Abstract
Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires a universal gate set, but the necessary non-Clifford gates represent a significant resource cost for most quantum error correction architectures. Magic state cultivation offers an efficient alternative to resource-intensive distillation protocols; however, testing the proposal’s assumptions represents a challenging departure from quantum memory experiments. We present an experimental study of magic state cultivation on a superconducting quantum processor. We implement cultivation, including code-switching into a surface code, and develop a fault-tolerant measurement protocol to bound the magic state fidelity. Cultivation reduces the error by a factor of 40, with a state fidelity of at least 0.9999(1) (retaining 8% of attempts). Our results experimentally establish magic state cultivation as a viable solution to one of quantum computing’s most important challenges.
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Authors: Emma Rosenfeld, Craig Gidney, Gabrielle Roberts, Alexis Morvan, Nathan Lacroix, Dvir Kafri, Jeffrey Marshall, Ming Li, Volodymyr Sivak, Dmitry A. Abanin, Amira Abbas, Rajeev Acharya, Laleh Aghababaie Beni, Georg Aigeldinger, Ross Alcaraz, S. Alcaraz, Trond I. Andersen, M. Ansmann, Frank Arute, Kunal Arya, Walt Askew, Nikita Astrakhantsev, Juan Atalaya, Ryan Babbush, Brian Ballard, Joseph C. Bardin, H. Bates, Andreas Bengtsson, M. Bigdeli Karimi, Alexander Bilmes, Simon Bilodeau, Felix Borjans, Jenna Bovaird, D. Bowers, L. Brill, P. Brooks, Michael Broughton, David A. Browne, Brett Buchea, Bob B. Buckley, Tim Burger, Brian Burkett, Nicholas Bushnell, Jamal Busnaina, Anthony Cabrera, Juan Campero, Hung-Shen Chang, Silas Chen, Zijun Chen, B. Chiaro, Liang-Ying Chih, Agnetta Y. Cleland, B. Cochrane, M. Cockrell, J. G. Cogan, Paul Conner, H. Cook, Rodrigo G. Cortiñas, William Courtney, Alexander L. Crook, Ben Curtin, Martin Damyanov, Sayan Das, Dripto M. Debroy, Sean Demura, Paul Donohoe, Ilya Drozdov, Andrew Dunsworth, Valerie Ehimhen, Alec Eickbusch, Aviv Moshe Elbag, Lior Ella, Mahmoud Elzouka, D. Enriquez, Catherine Erickson, Lara Faoro, Vinicius S. Ferreira, Marcos Flores-Ãlamo, Leslie Flores Burgos, S. Fontes, Ebrahim Forati, J. Ford, Brooks Foxen, Masaya Fukami, A. Wing Lun Fung, Lenny Fuste, Suhas Ganjam, G. Garcia, Christopher Garrick, Robert Gasca, Helge Gehring, Robert Geiger, Élie Genois, W. Giang, Dar Gilboa, James E. Goeders, E. Gonzales, Raja Gosula, Stijn J. de Graaf, Alejandro Grajales Dau
Institutions: University of Connecticut, Google (United States), University of Massachusetts Amherst, Ames Research Center, Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science