GREEN NANOPARTICLES A CRITICAL REVIEW

Abstract

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has positioned nanoparticles (NPs) as fundamental building blocks across diverse scientific and technological domains. These nanoscale materials, exhibiting unique physicochemical properties arising from their size (1-100 nm), are synthesized and manipulated through interdisciplinary efforts spanning chemistry, engineering, physics, and biology. While noble metal NPs, such as gold, silver, and platinum, have been extensively explored due to their remarkable properties, conventional chemical and physical synthesis routes often involve hazardous precursors and energy-intensive processes, raising significant ecological and health concerns. This necessitates the development of sustainable and environmentally benign NP production technologies.