Characteristics of Applicants to Oxford House

Abstract

Oxford House recovery homes represent the largest network of peer-run recovery housing in the United States for individuals with substance use disorders. Despite their widespread use, relatively little is known about the characteristics of individuals who seek long-term recovery support through this recovery housing model. The present study examined demographic and substance use characteristics of 61,208 individuals applying to reside in Oxford House recovery homes in 2023. Across the sample, applicants were predominantly male and most commonly in their 30s to 40s, were frequently unemployed, and reported prior alcohol and illicit substance use, as well as prior polysubstance use, with methamphetamine typically identified as the primary substance of use. Applicants also demonstrated high levels of treatment engagement, including prior attendance in formal substance use treatment and participation in 12-step programs. Findings highlight the populations to whom the Oxford House model currently appeals, as well as groups that may have distinct recovery needs. Overall, results suggest substantial demand for health and recovery services within the recovery housing segment of the continuum of care for substance use. Implications include the need to expand and better integrate long-term recovery housing within existing treatment and recovery support systems.