Numerical study of hydrodynamics and power performance of offshore floating photovoltaic: Effects of connector failure

Abstract

As a core component of the offshore floating photovoltaic (OFPV) system, connectors exert a decisive influence on the stable operation of the entire multi-float structure. In this study, a coupled hydrodynamic-solar power generation model for the OFPV system is developed. First, a hydrodynamic model of a hinged dual-hexagonal OFPV system is built using the open-source DualSPHysics code, and the model is validated against available physical experimental data. Subsequently, a dynamic photovoltaic power generation model is constructed based on the pitch motion of the floats. Failure cases were simulated by varying the number and location of connectors. The hydrodynamic characteristics and power generation performance of the OFPV system were then investigated under different conditions. Considerable attention is paid to the float motion responses, wave load distributions, mooring tensions and power outputs. The results demonstrate that the failure of multiple connectors significantly amplifies pitch motion while suppressing surge responses; meanwhile, wave loads decrease and become more dispersed, and the forces on residual connectors and mooring tensions are reduced accordingly. Severe power attenuation occurs when all underwater connectors fail. This study provides technical support for the optimal design of OFPV systems.