Skin improvement by oral administration of Fructobacillus fructosus OS-1010 strain and the possible involvement of exosomes

Abstract

This study investigated the anti-aging effects of exosomes derived from Fructobacillus fructosus OS-1010-treated Caco-2 cells on dermal fibroblasts and aged skin. These exosomes enhanced the expression of longevity-related genes (SIRT1, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)) and mitochondrial function, upregulated skin-improving genes (collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), elastin (ELN), microfibril associated protein 4 (MFAP4), hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2)), and suppressed extracellular matrix remodeling genes (matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP-1), elastase, hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1)). Pretreatment with the exosomes attenuated etoposide-induced senescence and preserved mitochondrial area and gene expression related to skin integrity. In aged mice, long-term OS-1010 administration improved skin thickness and collagen content. Exosomes from treated aged mice similarly promoted longevity and skin-beneficial genes while suppressing extracellular matrix remodeling genes, with effects comparable to exosomes from young mice. These findings suggest that OS-1010 and its induced exosomes may offer a promising strategy for preventing or reversing skin aging.