Reward and recognition practices and healthcare workforce mental well-being: a systematic review

Abstract

Purpose This study systematically synthesises evidence on how reward and recognition practices influence workforce mental well-being among healthcare professionals in hospital and healthcare settings. Although both monetary and non-monetary approaches were eligible, the included evidence predominantly examined non-monetary recognition practices. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review of seven electronic databases identified studies published between 2010 and 2025. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria out of 32,056 records. Owing to study heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was undertaken, and study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Findings The included studies predominantly examined non-monetary recognition practices, which were consistently associated with improved workforce well-being, workplace morale, engagement, professional fulfilment, and reduced emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals. Supportive leadership, peer recognition, and meaningful organisational acknowledgment emerged as important organisational resources that strengthened workplace culture and workforce resilience. Research limitations/implications The evidence base was limited to nine heterogeneous studies, restricting the robustness and generalisability of the findings. Further longitudinal and intervention studies are needed. Practical implications Healthcare organisations should integrate authentic and equitable recognition practices within broader workforce well-being and retention strategies. Non-monetary recognition approaches offer scalable and cost-effective mechanisms for supporting workforce resilience, strengthening workplace culture, and informing organisational and health workforce policy in resource-constrained healthcare settings. Social implications By supporting healthcare workforce well-being and resilience, effective recognition practices have the potential to contribute to a more sustainable healthcare workforce, improve staff retention, and indirectly enhance the quality and continuity of patient care. Originality/value This review contributes to healthcare workforce management literature by positioning recognition as an organisational and relational resource influencing workforce well-being, professional identity, and workplace culture rather than solely as an employee incentive mechanism.