Tribal nations’ flood exposure and the U.S. national flood insurance program

Abstract

Tribal nations experience significant flood impacts, yet participation in the National Flood Insurance Program remains limited. We analyze flood events, claims, and 57 Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plans, and insights from a tribal representative, to identify disparities in insured recovery. We show administrative, financial, and capacity constraints hinder mitigation progress. Strengthening equitable access to flood insurance, mapping, and federal mitigation resources could play an important role in improving tribal flood resilience.