Effect of different cariostatic agents on the surface roughness and color change of CAD–CAM‐milled restorative materials: An in vitro comparative study

Abstract

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the influence of different cariostatic agents: 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF), 38% SDF + potassium iodide (RS), and nano silver fluoride (NSF) compared with distilled water (control), on the surface roughness and color change of CAD–CAM‐milled restorative materials: nanoceramic resin (NR), feldspathic ceramic (FC), and lithium disilicate ceramic (LD). Materials and Methods Thirty‐two specimens of each material were fabricated and allocated into four experimental groups ( n = 8). The specimens underwent repeated applications of the cariostatic agents (3 min, repeated six times) and were evaluated for surface roughness (∆Ra) by profilometry and for color change using a digital spectrophotometer, with analysis based on the CIEDE2000 system (∆ E 00 ). Data were analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by one‐way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests with appropriate post hoc comparisons and Bonferroni correction ( α = 0.05). Results A statistically significant interaction was observed between restorative material type and the applied cariostatic agent. SDF produced the greatest increases in roughness, especially in LD (∆Ra = 0.232) and FC (∆Ra = 0.126), compared with the control group ( p < 0.001), and color‐change values far above clinically acceptable thresholds (∆ E 00 = 30.56–45.72; p < 0.001). Potassium iodide application after SDF (RS) showed low color change across all restorative materials (∆ E 00 = 0.28–0.75) and increased roughness in the FC. NSF showed behavior similar to the control group in terms of roughness and maintained color‐change values within acceptable limits (∆ E 00 = 0.57–1.35). Conclusions SDF may compromise the surface roughness and color change of CAD–CAM‐milled restorative materials, whereas NSF and RS show potential as more favorable alternatives for the evaluated outcomes.