Sustainable sol–gel synthesis of NiMn₂O₄/activated carbon/PVDF nanocomposites for energy storage devices

Abstract

Nickel–manganese oxides (NMO) prepared using the Sol-Gel process for use in energy systems as cathode in Li- ion batteries. Structural properties are studied for NMO powders using XRD.The findings suggest that a crystalline cubic structure is displayed during the production of NMO. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) indicate that the average diameter is 39.73 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for NMO shows uniform spherical structures. The thermal analysis using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), revealed that NMO is thermally stable, absorption measurement for oxide with different percentages of PVDF and activated carbon are measured using different pH, acidic solution exhibits higher absorption by nanocomposites.