Angle-robust photovoltaics via Mie resonance hybridization for stable power output in perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted intensive research interest as a promising candidate for next-generation photovoltaic technologies, offering high power conversion efficiency ( PCE ) and low manufacturing cost. However, the practical energy yield of conventional planar PSCs is severely compromised by optical losses under varying solar incidence angles, leading to significant power fluctuations that undermine their viability for renewable energy generation. Solar tracking systems can mitigate this issue, but their high cost, mechanical complexity, and poor long-term reliability limit their application. This work proposed a device-level strategy of angle-robust photovoltaics (AR-PV), which is a hemisphere core–shell PSC architecture with a textured rounded cone (TRC) front surface. TRC structure effectively captures incident light from various angles through multidirectional scattering, inducing mode hybridization of Mie resonances within the photoactive layer, which homogenizes the optical field distribution and enables spatially uniform carrier generation. Meanwhile, the radial core–shell hemisphere structure provides a highly symmetric carrier transport pathway from the spherical surface to the core, facilitating carrier extraction and reducing recombination losses. Rigorous three-dimensional optoelectronic simulations confirmed that the device maintains > 95% broadband absorption under incident angles ranging from 0° to 50°, achieving a maximum power density of 28.25 mW/cm 2 with a performance variance below 0.02. These results demonstrate a promising device-level pathway to stable photovoltaic output without reliance on mechanical tracking systems, contributing to more reliable and cost-effective solar energy harvesting.