Urban Residents’ Perceptions of Urban Trees and Participation in Tree Planting Activities in a Rapidly Urbanising Neighbourhood of Accra, Ghana

Abstract

Abstract Background Urban trees provide multiple ecological, social, and climatic benefits, yet their long-term sustainability in rapidly urbanising cities depends on how residents perceive and engage with urban tree planting programmes and the governance systems that support them. However, limited research has examined how governance-related factors influence participation in urban tree planting activities in rapidly urbanising African cities. Methods This study examined urban tree perceptions, participation in tree planting activities, and governance-related factors shaping engagement in Madina, a high-density neighbourhood in Accra, Ghana. A household survey of 395 respondents across 5 sub-areas was conducted. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to assess perceived benefits of urban trees, participation patterns, programme awareness, institutional trust, and barriers to engagement. Results Urban trees were widely valued, particularly for aesthetic enhancement, habitat provision, temperature regulation, and air purification. However, participation was uneven and awareness of formal urban tree programmes remained low despite strong interest in future involvement, revealing a pronounced participation-awareness gap. Logistic regression results showed that participation was more strongly associated with programme awareness, perceived effectiveness of local authorities, and trust in information sources than with sociodemographic characteristics. Reported barriers to participation were dominated by information gaps, lack of organised opportunities, time constraints, and limited planting space. Awareness of urban tree planting programmes emerged as the strongest predictor of participation. Conclusion The findings highlight the importance of governance visibility, communication, and institutional credibility in translating positive perceptions of urban trees into sustained community participation. Strengthening neighbourhood-level coordination and continuous public engagement may therefore be critical for supporting long-term urban tree stewardship.