Clinical and radiographic evaluation of MTA Flow™ thick as a retrograde filling material in apicoectomy: a preliminary study

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To date, limited evidence exists regarding the clinical efficacy of MTA Flow™ Thick as a retrograde filling material in apicoectomy. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and radiographic outcomes over a 6-month follow-up period following apicoectomy with MTA Flow™ Thick as the retrograde filling material. RESULTS: A total of 24 teeth from 16 patients were included in this prospective study. All apicoectomies were performed by a single oral surgeon following a standardised surgical protocol. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed at 3 and 6 months. All clinical symptoms-pain, swelling, and fistulas-showed a statistically significant reduction at both follow-up intervals (p < 0.001 for all). Periapical lesion size decreased at both time points (p < 0.001). Radiographic healing was observed in ≥ 85.5% of cases and demonstrated progressive improvement between the two follow-ups. The overall success rate increased significantly from 83.3% at 3 months to 91.7% at 6 months. Trial registration This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT07254143, date 28 November 2025). This is a retrospectively registered trial.