b3gbi: Standardized Biodiversity Indicators from Spatiotemporal Occurrence Cubes

Abstract

Standardized and reproducible biodiversity indicators are essential for tracking ecological trends, assessing conservation policies, and reporting on international biodiversity frameworks. However, raw species occurrence records, such as those hosted by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), are typically voluminous, unevenly sampled, and noisy. To address this, the b3gbi (B-Cubed General Biodiversity Indicators) R package provides a standardized, automated, and reproducible pipeline to calculate spatial and temporal biodiversity indicators directly from pre-processed spatiotemporal species occurrence cubes. The package supports a suite of indicators, including species richness, evenness, rarity, completeness, and turnover, complete with decoupled, robust uncertainty estimation via bootstrapping. Funding This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme (ID No 101059592).