Immune regulation includes an effector arm: therapeutic implications of phase III IDO/PD-L1 vaccination in melanoma

Abstract

In a recent phase III study in Annals of Oncology , first-line IDO/PD-L1 peptide vaccination plus pembrolizumab in advanced melanoma provided clinical support for a microenvironment-targeting vaccine strategy. The broader significance of these data is that they support immune modulatory vaccines as a means of therapeutically engaging an effector arm of immune regulation.