Anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Anti-MRSA) flavonoids from Iraqi Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Abstract
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae) was investigated as a potential source of anti-MRSA compounds. A bioassay-guided isolation approach afforded fourteen compounds from the peel and leaf extracts of C. sinensis , including a new flavanone glycoside, sinensidin ( 10 ). Structural elucidation was based on spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS data. Among the isolated compounds, 3-methoxynobiletin ( 4 ), sinensetin ( 7 ), and rutin 3′-methyl ether ( 12 ) exhibited moderate anti-MRSA activity (MIC = 128–256 µg/mL). The crude extract showed higher apparent activity than the individual compounds, suggesting possible contributions from additional constituents and/or synergistic interactions. This study expands the phytochemical profile of C. sinensis and suggests that its polymethoxylated flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides may contribute to anti-MRSA activity.
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Authors: Shaymaa Al‐Majmaie, Lutfun Nahar, Md. Mukhlesur Rahman, George P. Sharples, Hesamoddin Arabnozari, Satyajit D. Sarker
Institutions: University of Diyala, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký University Olomouc, University of East London