Enhanced Figure‐of‐Merit Energy Harvesting in [001]‐Oriented PMN‐PZT Ceramics Via Synergistic Multi‐Scale Engineering

Abstract

ABSTRACT Developing piezoelectric materials with a high figure‐of‐merit (FOM = d 33 × g 33 /tan δ ) is crucial for advanced energy‐harvesting technologies. Here, a high FOM is achieved in [001]‐oriented Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ‐PbZrO 3 ‐PbTiO 3 (PMN‐PZT) textured ceramics by synergistically integrating grain orientation, defect engineering, and morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) design. The textured ceramic exhibits exceptional properties (piezoelectric charge coefficient d 33 = 1120 pC·N −1 , piezoelectric voltage coefficient g 33 = 62 × 10 −3 V·m·N −1 , and an ultralow dielectric loss tan δ = 0.23%). Atomic‐scale analysis reveals that the [001] intrinsic anisotropy and mixed rhombohedral‐tetragonal domains facilitate polarization rotation to boost d 33 and g 33 , while Mn doping‐induced defect dipoles suppress dielectric loss. Consequently, an ultrahigh FOM of 30,180 × 10 −12 m 2 ·N −1 is realized. Furthermore, a cantilever energy harvester utilizing this textured ceramic delivers an outstanding power density of 0.72 µW·mm −3 , which is 78 times higher than that of commercial soft PZT. This work provides an effective strategy for designing high‐FOM piezoelectric materials for high performance energy harvesting applications.