Inversion-based reconstruction of equivalent single-source waveforms for predicting blast-induced vibrations in adjacent tunnels

Abstract

The conventional Anderson model provides a physically interpretable approach to waveform-based blast vibration prediction but requires a measured single-hole response, which is often unavailable in tunnel construction. This study proposes an inversion-based Anderson framework that reconstructs station-specific equivalent single-source responses from multi-hole production blasting records and uses them for forward prediction under modified delay and charge configurations. Field data from a separated twin-tunnel project were used to examine the internal consistency, numerical stability and prediction performance of the framework. Spectral and controlled-perturbation analyses showed no numerical singularity and limited inversion sensitivity under moderate noise perturbations. For twelve target records from three blasting cases, PPV errors ranged from 1.6% to 14.1%, with a mean of 9.6%. Maximum envelope correlation coefficients ranged from 0.666 to 0.879, NRMSE from 0.119 to 0.181, and significant-duration errors from 1.1% to 16.4%. Frequency-domain agreement was lower and more variable. The framework therefore provides a practical monitoring-informed tool for estimating peak vibration levels and overall waveform characteristics under broadly comparable source and propagation conditions.