Applied performance analysts in association football: A scoping review of roles, challenges, and opportunities (2010–2025)

Abstract

Performance Analysis (PA) has become integral to modern football, yet Applied Performance Analysts (APA) currently find themselves at a crossroads, with technological advancements and adaptive responsibilities shaping their landscape of practice. This scoping review aimed to map the academic literature on APA practice in football, identifying responsibilities, competencies, and contextual challenges shaping the profession. Following PRIMSA-ScR guidelines, searches across SPORTDiscus, APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science identified 829 records published between 2010 and 2025. After screening and full-text review, 36 papers were included and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Two overarching themes were created, each defined by four subthemes: Ambiguity (Responsibility, Technology, Research Gap, Governance) and Stakeholders (Perceptions, Relationships, Culture and Education). Findings indicate APA roles have evolved from data collection to data translation, suggesting a growing demand for technical and pedagogical skills amid rapid technological innovation. However, fragmented governance, unclear accreditation pathways, and inconsistent stakeholder engagement reinforce role uncertainty and limit progression. Stakeholder perceptions and organisational culture influence APA integration within multidisciplinary teams. This review highlights the need for industry-recognised standards, integrated education models, and practitioner-driven research to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Addressing these issues is critical for sustaining APA relevance and impact in high-performance football.