The SNA-Evaluation Framework: Advancing the Use of Social Network Analysis in Program Evaluation

Abstract

As evaluation increasingly addresses the complexities inherent in dynamic program systems, social network analysis (SNA) offers significant opportunities alongside notable challenges. While SNA can reveal patterns of collaboration, communication, and influence, its application is often superficial and insufficiently integrated with evaluation theory. The Social Network Analysis for Evaluation (SNA-E) framework is introduced to address this disconnect by embedding network thinking within established evaluation traditions. This framework enables evaluators to systematically examine stakeholder collaboration in multi-agency initiatives and to interpret communication and resource-sharing dynamics with greater analytical rigor. The SNA-E framework encompasses four domains: network constructs, evaluation types, evaluation purposes, and network metrics. Unlike approaches that treat SNA as an add-on, this framework provides evaluators with a structured pathway to embed network analysis within evaluation design, supporting greater conceptual clarity and practical relevance in assessing complex programs.