Navigating Multifaceted Approaches in the Management of Parkinson's Disease

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that results from damage to the dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain, subsequently affecting the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway of the Basal ganglia. It is essentially vital to take an elaborate look at the disorder, which represents the second leading cause of neurodegenerative disorders, with a global prevalence of about 10 million people and 1.1 million people in the United States. The medical and economic burden of managing the disorder is equally necessary to evaluate, as about 90,000 people are being diagnosed annually in the United States, with an estimated $82.2 billion in annual direct and indirect financial burden on the health care system. The manifestations of the disorder range from tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural difficulties, depression, anxiety, sleep disruption, and constipation are some of the motor and non-motor components of the disorder that interfere with and limit daily functioning considerably. This article explores relevant treatment options that promote productive, functional supportive living, minimize symptoms, and enhance quality of life.