Regime Audit of the Standard Model of Particle Physics by the Factor Hierarchy Law— Activation Operators, Dual-Center Regimes, and Precision Locking of Charm/Bottom Quark Thresholds (I)

Abstract

Is the Standard Model truly "one model"? This paper uses the Factor Hierarchy Law and Testability Norms to perform a zero-presupposition regime audit on 275 particles from the Particle Data Group (PDG) 2025 public dataset. Exhaustive testing automatically selects Mass + Spin + Isospin as the optimal combination of executive factors (adjusted R² = 0.406, VIF < 5). Interaction effect testing identifies color charge as the meta-regime factor from 12 candidate regime factors. The core findings unfold in three layers. First layer: An exhaustive scan of 11 activation operators reveals that the operators automatically stratify by their optimal breakpoints into two groups: the charm region (~2.29 GeV) and the bottom region (~9.46–10.02 GeV). No operator chooses the intermediate zone — activation operators are regime selectors, not signal amplifiers. Second layer: The W×M² activation operator amplifies the Chow F statistic from 31.98 to 81,540 — an amplification factor of 2569×. This is the statistical manifestation of the pole structure of the Breit-Wigner amplitude. Its breakpoint, 10.0234 GeV, deviates from the PDG standard value of the Υ(2S) bottomonium state (10.023 GeV) by only 0.0004 GeV. Third layer: The charm-region breakpoint of 2.2865 GeV deviates from the PDG standard value of the Λc⁺ charmed baryon (2.28646 GeV) by 0.00004 GeV. The bottom-region W×M breakpoint of 9.4603 GeV deviates from the Υ(1S) standard value (9.46030 GeV) by 0.0001 GeV. Completely unaware of the physical meaning of these particles, the algorithm automatically locks their positions with professional phenomenological fitting precision, revealing a hitherto unrecognized methodological function of known particles: they are the "nails" of regime switches in the data. Six structural break tools — Chow, Bai-Perron, SupF, CUSUM, MOSUM, and ICSS — provide cross-verification. Blank controls (F-value only 24% of the true breakpoint), multi-interval blank scans, permutation tests (p = 0.002), bootstrap (median 2.11 GeV), conditional independence tests, and reverse proxy tests jointly rule out statistical artifacts and alternative explanations. Mass is confirmed as a dual-identity factor — the first empirical confirmation of the Factor Hierarchy Law's classification framework in particle physics. As the first of a five-paper series, this paper establishes the existence of two regime-switching centers (charm and bottom), providing the indispensable empirical foundation for the derivation of regime boundary theorems and the inevitable emergence of gauge group structures in subsequent papers. Research Paradigm Statement: The core methodology, research direction, and final decisions were independently directed by the author. DeepSeek assisted with code implementation, data presentation, and text drafting. The author takes full academic responsibility for the final content.