Physiological Response and Nutrient Uptake (N,P,K) of Edamame Soybeans under Different Types and Rates of Sago Waste Biochar in Aluvial Soil

Abstract

Edamame soybeans grow optimally in tropical and subtropical climates with relatively high temperatures and adequate rainfall, making them suitable for cultivation in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between the type and application rate of sago waste biochar on physiological responses and nutrient uptake of edamame soybeans in alluvial soils. Efforts to improve the productivity of alluvial soils can be achieved by applying ameliorants such as sago waste biochar, which has the potential to enhance soil physical properties. Determining the appropriate biochar rate is essential to achieve optimal effectiveness in improving soil conditions and supporting plant growth. Plant physiological responses were used as indicators to assess photosynthetic dynamics, as reflected by photosynthate production. A factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications was employed, consisting of two factors: type of sago waste biochar (sago bark, sago frond, sago root) and biochar rate (5, 10, 15 tons/ha). The results showed significant interactions between biochar type and rate on physiological responses and phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake, while no interaction was observed for nitrogen (N) uptake. The combination of sago bark biochar at 10 tons/ha produced the best physiological response and nutrient uptake (N, P, and K) in edamame soybeans grown on alluvial soil.