Two Earliest Optical-UV Tidal Disruption Events Hidden in the SDSS DR7 Catalog Unveiled by the Transformer-based Spectrum Classifier

Abstract

Abstract Optical spectroscopic features are decisive in the current identification of optical-UV tidal disruption events (TDEs). Regarding that the TDE estimated occurrence rate is 10 −5 –10 −4 galaxy −1 yr −1 by both theoretical and observational methods, large optical spectroscopic catalogs with >10 5 galaxy spectra can include some serendipitous spectra with TDE spectroscopic features, which can be found after building a useful selection method. We hereby introduce a principal component analysis-enhanced transformer TDE spectrum classifier that achieves a precision of 0.88 and a recall of 0.99 on our evaluation dataset, and report its inspiring discoveries in the widely used Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7 catalog: two newly discovered TDEs and one reported likely TDE. For SDSS J124225.39+642919.0, we confirm the presence of a UV transient in the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) catalog when the spectrum was taken, and its occurrence time should be earlier than the spectrum observation time, MJD < 52316 (2002 February 11), making it the earliest optical-UV TDE discovered by now. For SDSS J152459.70+045423.1, its spectrum matches all features of the TDE-H+He spectrum, and was taken during an optical outburst recorded by the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey. The start of this outburst lies in 54269 < MJD < 54476 (2007 June 18–2008 January 11), making it one of the earliest among the reported optical TDEs. The discovery of two new TDEs highlights the power of machine learning-based classifiers in digging out buried treasures in large-volume catalogs, and marks a new method for discovering optical-UV TDEs.