Life satisfaction of socially active older adults aged 60–89: the role of health status, individual, and environmental factors

Abstract

The aging population presents significant challenges for public health and social policy, particularly in the context of maintaining life satisfaction in later life. This study aimed to assess life satisfaction among socially active older adults aged 60–89 in Poland, with particular emphasis on health status, individual characteristics, and environmental factors. The study included 405 participants engaged in organized social activities such as universities of the third age and senior clubs. Life satisfaction was measured using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical methods. The findings indicate that life satisfaction was significantly associated with health status, particularly the presence of chronic diseases and subjective health assessment. Individuals without chronic conditions reported the highest levels of life satisfaction, while those with mental and behavioral disorders reported the lowest. Multimorbidity was negatively correlated with life satisfaction, whereas subjective health assessment showed a positive relationship. Social factors also played an important role. Higher levels of life satisfaction were observed among individuals living with family members and those residing in rural areas. No significant differences were found with respect to age, gender, or education level. The results highlight the importance of health and social context in shaping life satisfaction in later life and suggest the need for integrated interventions supporting both physical and mental well-being among older adults.