Unraveling TB Dynamics in Nepal: Navigating Progress, Challenges, and Initiatives

Abstract

Background: To assess the progress made in TB control, identify persistent challenges hindering effective TB control efforts, and identify the initiatives and recommendations to achieve End TB Strategy. Design/Methods: The study employed a multi-phase approach, combining quantitative analysis of TB data from HMIS and national surveys and policy document reviews. Results: There was substantial progress in TB control, with notable achievements in treatment success rates (>90%) and the introduction of advanced diagnostic tools of mWRD for TB diagnosis. Challenges persist in the fight against TB including notification gaps, funding gaps and addressing the shortage of cartridges. Limited community engagement activities, the absence of civil society organizations, and active case findings in high-risk settings pose significant hurdles. The TB free initiative, a government-led effort, focuses on strengthening local governance, mobilizing resources, and fostering collaboration to combat TB comprehensively. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the critical need for sustained efforts and collaborative initiatives to achieve End TB strategy in Nepal. Recommendations include program leadership, ensuring sustained, skilled leadership and governance. Efforts must be intensified to find TB cases early through initiatives like scaling up the TB Free Initiative and active case finding, along with improving access to quality laboratory services.