Preliminary study on in vitro litholytic effects of commonly used Siddha drugs and selected adjuvants, individually and in combinations on oxalate stone

Abstract

Urolithiasis is managed by surgical intervention and other sophisticated techniques. Siddha Medicine uses the drugs with adjuvants. This study considered the in vitro litholytic effects of three Siddha drugs ( Nandukkal paspam-NP , Silasaththu paspam-SP and Venkara paspam-VP ) and five adjuvants (aqueous extracts of Aerva lanata , Musa sapientum , Raphanus sativus and Tribulus terrestris , and Cocos nucifera water) on calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones. CaOx stone (75 mg) was treated with fresh solutions of each of the drugs or adjuvants or the different drug - adjuvant combinations at 37 °C by daily replacing with the fresh solutions for seven days. Deionized water was used as the control. Calcium released was highest by SP followed by M.sapientum ( p = 1.000). Oxalate released was highest by SP followed by C. nucifera ( p = 0.333). SP - M.sapientum released highest amount of calcium while oxalate release was highest with SP-T.terrestris and was almost equal to that released by SP-M.sapientum ( p = 1.000) and NP-M.sapientum ( p = 0.691). Calcium released was highest by SP followed by M.sapientum ( p = 1.000). Oxalate released was highest by SP followed by C.nucifera ( p = 0.333). Among the combinations, SP - M.sapientum released highest amount of calcium while oxalate release was highest with SP-T.terrestris and was almost equal to that released by SP-M.sapientum ( p = 1.000) and NP-M.sapientum ( p = 0.691). Among the selected Siddha drugs SP-M.sapientum showed the best in vitro litholytic activity followed by SP- C. nucifera .