Management of the volcanological data: an overview

Abstract

Volcanological data are inherently diverse and heterogeneous. They originate from a broad spectrum of sources, including field observations, sample analyses, ground-based, airborne and satellite remote sensing instruments, permanent monitoring networks, and temporary field campaigns. The resulting datasets encompass geochemical analyses, geophysical time series, imagery, video records, and other forms of information, collected and curated under differing objectives, technological infrastructures, and institutional frameworks across the globe, from observatories to universities and research centers (e.g., Andrews et al. 2022 ; Fig. 1 ). This intrinsic diversity, combined with the fragmented nature of volcanological research, reflects the need to tailor observational systems and data collection strategies. These must reflect the distinct behavior of individual volcanoes and the specific scientific questions and operational objectives of different observers.