Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Hardware‐Native Gaussian Sampling With Probabilistic Ising Machines for Modern Communication Paradigms

ABSTRACT Modern communication systems increasingly shift computation to edge devices, where post quantum signing, generative AI and semantic communication must operate under strict energy, latency and memory constraints. A central bottleneck in these workloads is Gaussian samplin...

The WoKaS-Iso database: workflow for a global compilation of oxygen-18 and deuterium records in karst springs and cave drip water for enhanced understanding of karst systems

For analysing karst hydrogeological systems, observations of karst springs and cave drips are considered indispensable. In addition to hydrometric observations, knowing the oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios has improved the understanding of vadose zone and aquifer dynamic...

The Role of Multi-Sensor Satellite Remote Sensing in Characterizing Volcanic Plumes Relevant to Climate Forcing

Volcanic eruptions represent a significant natural forcing mechanism within the Earth’s climate system, capable of inducing profound atmospheric perturbations. Major explosive events inject vast quantities of volcanic ash and trace gases into the atmosphere, among which sulfur di...

A methodological workflow for the identification of earthquake sources from macroseismic data

Macroseismic intensity data are a fundamental source of information for characterising historical earthquakes. This study presents a methodology to constrain the sources of large earthquakes through the analysis and modelling of macroseismic intensity data. The proposed workflow...

Adapting a Pretrained LLM to Rapidly Recover Earthquake Magnitude and Location

Abstract Determining earthquake magnitude and location through fast, automated methods is fundamental for seismic monitoring. Recent studies have shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) can operate as pattern‐recognition systems capable of handling novel domains and purely numeri...

Rock microstructural and mechanical constraints on the 2021-ongoing hydrothermal unrest at La Fossa Caldera (Vulcano Island, Italy)

Abstract Volcanic unrest associated with increased hydrothermal activity is often difficult to interpret, yet it may culminate in hazardous steam-driven explosions or slope failures without magma intrusion. At La Fossa Caldera (Vulcano Island, Italy), recently affected by the 202...

Unravelling the magma source and plumbing systems beneath the submarine volcanoes of Bransfield Strait (Antarctica) with stable and noble gas isotopes

Abstract Oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry, together with helium, neon and argon isotope systematics, are powerful tools for tracing magma sources and magma plumbing system processes beneath volcanic systems. Characterising them is crucial for understanding volcanic system...

Ballistic projectile hazard of major explosions and paroxysms at Stromboli (Italy) with uncertainty quantification – Part 1: Mapping method and data analysis

This study presents a novel method to map the areas affected by ballistic fallout generated by major explosions and paroxysms at Stromboli as well as quantitative analyses of these areas. The mapping method is based on a simplified description of the affected areas by a circular...

Ballistic projectile hazard of major explosions and paroxysms at Stromboli (Italy) with uncertainty quantification – Part 2: Conditional and temporal probability maps

This study presents the first probability hazard maps of the areas potentially affected by ballistic fallout from major explosions and paroxysms at Stromboli, based on mathematical analyses of the extensive historical and recent records of its explosive activity. This novel appro...

Similar pre-eruptive conditions behind contrasting explosive and effusive trachytic eruptions at Montagnone (Ischia volcano, Italy)

Abstract Most volcanoes on Earth display a range of eruptive styles, varying between effusive and explosive activity. Understanding the factors controlling these transitions is critical for volcanic hazard assessment but remains debated. While both pre-eruptive storage conditions...

Revealing seismic sequence characteristics in the south-eastern Alps and the Western Dinarides by clustering analysis and refined location

Abstract The characterization of seismic sequences provides key constraints on fault geometry, rupture processes, and seismic hazard. In this study we investigate seismicity recorded between 2015 and 2024 in the south-eastern Alps and Western Dinarides (SEAWD), one of the most te...

Experimental constraints on pre-eruptive conditions at Nabro volcano, Eritrea, 2011, and implications for sulphur emissions

Abstract We present new experimental constraints on the pre-eruptive magma storage conditions at Nabro Volcano, Eritrea, prior to its 2011 eruption, and discuss the implications for sulphur emissions. We find that the magma was likely stored in the shallow crust prior to eruption...

Physics-based 3D ground motion simulations of the 1703 L’Aquila earthquake: from historical reconstruction to seismic scenarios

Abstract The city of L’Aquila (central Italy) and its surrounding villages have been struck several times throughout history by strong earthquakes, most recently by the $$M_w$$ M w 6.1 event of April 6, 2009. Previously, on February 2, 1703, L’Aquila was partially destroyed by a...

Volcano–climate interactions: reframing the volcano–climate puzzle

Explosive volcanic eruptions are major natural perturbations of the Earth system. By increasing stratospheric aerosol loading, they exert a dual radiative forcing: enhanced scattering of incoming solar radiation induces global surface cooling, while absorption of terrestrial radi...

VIDEAT, an Operational System for Rapid Assessment of the Macroseismic Intensity of Earthquakes in Italy, with Estimates of Fatalities and Economic Loss

Abstract We present Valutazione dell’Impatto e Degli Effetti Attesi del Terremoto—assessment of the impact and expected effects of the earthquake, a system that provides a time-evolving assessment of earthquake effects in Italy in terms of macroseismic intensity, by combining the...

Mantle heterogeneity drives spreading center dynamics at Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge

The Mohns and Knipovich mid-ocean ridges in the Arctic Ocean are ideal settings to investigate the dynamics of spreading centers, being the region affected by intricate interplays between oblique plate kinematics and curved plate boundary geometry. Furthermore, significant mantle...

Management of the volcanological data: an overview

Volcanological data are inherently diverse and heterogeneous. They originate from a broad spectrum of sources, including field observations, sample analyses, ground-based, airborne and satellite remote sensing instruments, permanent monitoring networks, and temporary field campai...

Researcher-Curated knowledge governance for trustworthy scientific AI in the geosciences: the rockGPT approach

Abstract Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in scientific research, yet their use raises important challenges related to transparency, provenance, reproducibility, and scientific knowledge governance. In the geosciences, where conclusions often depend on integr...