2. Critical Bifurcation in an Open Cellular System: A Theoretical Model of Membrane Homeostasis under Persistent Mechanical Stress

Abstract

Living cells continuously consume energy to maintain membrane integrity, ionic gradients and bioelectric homeostasis. This paper proposes a theoretical nonlinear model describing how persistent nanoparticle-induced mechanical stress may progressively increase energetic demand until a critical threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, restoration of the original homeostatic state becomes increasingly unlikely.