BURDEN OF PREDIABETES AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE ANDIJAN REGION: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FINDINGS FROM URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES

Abstract

Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are among the most significant public health problems due to their increasing prevalence and high risk of cardiovascular and metabolic complications. Early identification of carbohydrate metabolism disorders plays an important role in preventing disease progression. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus among urban and rural populations of the Andijan region. A population-based cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among residents of Andijan city and the Markhamat district, including individuals over 40 years of age. Carbohydrate metabolism disorders were assessed based on fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and diagnostic criteria recommended by WHO, ADA, and EASD. The study revealed a high prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, with combined impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance (IFG+IGT) being the most frequent form. A significant number of newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were identified. Higher rates of metabolic disorders were observed among women and individuals of middle and older age groups. The obtained results demonstrate a significant burden of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Andijan region and emphasize the necessity of implementing population-based screening programs and preventive strategies aimed at early detection and reduction of diabetes-related complications.