University of Wisconsin System

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Overdrainage Has Transient and Steady-State Components Strongly Dependent on Cerebroventricular Compliance: A Benchtop Experimental Study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Using benchtop testing, we previously demonstrated that ventriculoperitoneal shunts are susceptible to chronic overdrainage, not only because of a siphoning effect but also because of intracranial pressure pulsations. These pulsations may be rhythmic (c...

Edge effects on the pressure drop through triply periodic minimal surface heat exchangers

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) geometries offer significant potential for compact, high-performance heat exchangers, but confinement-induced edge effects in small-scale test articles can distort the measured pressure drop and its extrapolation to full-scale performance. T...

Secretory Phospholipase A2–Albumin–Membrane Interactions: A Proposed Mechanism of Internal Cell and Tissue Injury in Systemic Inflammation

Systemic inflammation in sepsis causes internal cell and tissue injury through mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA; hereafter, sPLA2), a potent inflammatory mediator whose circulating levels rise dramatically during sepsis, hydrol...

Herbivore-specific plant defense responses to a pre-attack risk cue

Cues of potential herbivory, such as the locomotion mucus from gastropod herbivores, may influence germination and growth. Because it remains unclear whether use of gastropod cues to initiate defense is a widespread phenomenon in plants, we examined how mucus from multiple gastro...

Genetic Basis of Social Structure in the Pastoral Nomads of Central Eurasia

Abstract Although the social structure of Central Eurasian pastoral nomads has been described as fluid and ad hoc by historians and anthropologists, its potential genetic basis remains poorly understood. To evaluate whether kinship based social organization has biological foundat...

Specialists' Evidence Evaluation and Judgments in Audits

ABSTRACT Audits of complex fair value estimates involve evaluating and challenging key client assumptions. Auditors generally lack the necessary expertise to perform this work, and thus, they often engage valuation specialists to perform this audit work. However, valuation specia...

Massive transfusion practices and low‐titer group O whole blood utilization before and after implementation in a low‐volume level I trauma center: A six‐year review

Abstract Background Low‐titer O whole blood (LTOWB) has been increasingly incorporated into trauma resuscitation and massive transfusion protocols (MTPs). Recent randomized trials have not demonstrated superiority of prehospital LTOWB over component‐based resuscitation, while the...

Foliar metabolomes of woody plant communities across an elevational gradient on Mount Washington (New Hampshire, USA)

Abstract Background and Aims Plants produce myriad specialized metabolites that constitute the metabolome and mediate responses to abiotic and biotic factors. Elevational gradients, where environmental conditions change predictably over short distances, are natural laboratories f...

The Mysterious Case of Iron in XMPs: Anomalous High log(Fe/O) Observed in Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies HSCJ1631+4426 and SDSSJ0811+4730

Abstract We present integral field spectroscopic observations of two local extremely metal-poor galaxies (XMPs), HSCJ1631+4426 and SDSSJ0811+4730, obtained with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI) over 3545 − 5529 Ã at a spectral resolution of R ~ 3600, capturing bright nebular emi...

Evaluating a semester-long sustainability project in introductory chemistry: coordinating chemistry and sustainability systems

Abstract This Good Practice Report describes and evaluates a semester-long supplemental learning experience integrated with a one-semester introductory chemistry course. The learning environment was designed to help students use chemistry meaningfully in sustainability contexts b...

Diversity and Plasticity of Hydraulic Traits Across a Relative Moisture Supply Gradient: Results From Multiple Common Gardens

ABSTRACT Maintaining cellular hydration is essential for plant metabolic activity and carbon gain. Plants typically maintain hydration through efficiency of water transport networks, the ability to avoid network disruption, and retention of water via accumulation of osmotica. Giv...

Cultural Stress, Psychopathology, and Well-Being Among Latinos: A Two Continua Model Approach

Abstract Latinos in the USA experience myriad cultural stressors that increase their risk for experiencing psychopathology. Whereas most Latino-focused research has conceptualized psychopathology and well-being as existing on opposite ends of the same continuum, the Two Continua...

From silos to synergy: the interdisciplinary discovery potential in redefining polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome

Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) affects one of every eight women worldwide and is associated with high rates of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and infertility. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), another term for this condition, reflects a historical foc...

Functional memory of drought affects leaf chemical defenses and microbial interactions in aspen

Abstract Drought is an increasingly important driver of tree mortality, but its long-term impacts on trait expression remain poorly understood. Leaves are a key interface at which trees respond to abiotic stress, and foliar traits such as chemical defenses and microbial communiti...

Integrative plasma proteomic network analysis identifies physical activity-associated protein modules potentially mediating type 2 diabetes risk

Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Identifying protein modules that mediate this association may help dissect these biological underpinnings, but they remain incompletely characterized. We studied 28,842 diabetes-free UK Bioban...

Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition restructures decomposing microbial communities, altering SOM molecular composition, but not molecular complexity or diversity

Soil organic matter (SOM) consists of diverse biochemical constituents, spanning a spectrum of chemical complexity, and the relative abundance of these substrates influences microbial metabolism and soil carbon persistence. However, mechanistic controls governing these processes...

Direct Observation of a Cross-Coupling Catalyst Intermediate via Single-Molecule Spectroscopy

Abstract Single-molecule measurements on molecular catalysts are uniquely poised to allow observation of unsynchronized chemical dynamics and transient intermediates that are not observable using traditional bulk techniques. However, single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy is t...

Amyloid beta plaque pathology induces chemosensory deficits and increases apnoeas in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) commonly co‐presents with other ventilatory impairments in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Typically reported as either obstructive (OSA) or complex sleep apnoea in AD patients, SDB results in repeated bouts of hypoxia and hyperca...

Proteoforms in Disease: Biomedical Applications of Top‐Down Proteomics

ABSTRACT The proteome is a dynamic landscape of proteoforms arising from genetic mutations, alternative splicing, and post‐translational modifications (PTMs), which collectively drive biological function and disease phenotypes. Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics has emerged...

The Causal Effect of Parents' Education on Children's Earnings

ABSTRACT We develop and estimate a model of endogenous schooling and earnings to isolate the causal effect of parents' education on children's outcomes. Identification uses earnings differences among children with equal schooling whose parents have different schooling. Health and...