University of Tabuk

Development of a chimeric multi-epitope vaccine targeting surface-exposed proteins of Chlamydia psittaci through immunoinformatics and structural vaccinology

Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular zoonotic pathogen that causes psittacosis and severe respiratory illness in humans. Despite its clinical importance, no licensed vaccine is currently available, and antibiotic treatment may not provide long-term protection or preven...

Mesenchymal stem cells modulate pancreatic and splenic inflammation through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGF-β signalling in diabetic rats

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can attenuate diabetic organ damage through immunomodulatory and paracrine mechanisms, yet the specific signalling pathways engaged in the pancreas and spleen remain poorly characterized. This study investigated the effects of a si...

Novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine–hydantoin hybrids as selective anticancer agents: Synthesis, cytotoxicity, structural activity relationship (SAR), and molecular docking studies

Cancer remains one of the most serious global health challenges, and the limited selectivity and high toxicity of many current chemotherapeutic agents highlight the urgent need for new, more effective anticancer drugs. In this study, a novel series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine de...

Productivity–efficiency-driven physician scheduling in emergency telemedicine

Emergency telemedicine networks require timely, reliable, and coordinated specialist coverage across geographically distributed hospitals. Scheduling physicians in such settings is challenging due to heterogeneous productivity, facility-dependent inefficiency, and nonuniform cred...

Quinones as Optical Signal Transducers: Emerging Roles in Spectroscopic Sensing, Carbon Dots, and Enzyme-Free Immunoassays

Quinones have emerged as versatile optical signal transducers in spectroscopic analytical chemistry because of their unique redox activity, electron-transfer capability, reactive oxygen species generation, and tunable photophysical properties. Beyond their traditional roles as bi...

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrimidine linked fused thiazole–isoxazole conjugates as dual cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects over 55 million individuals worldwide, yet approved pharmacotherapies remain limited to symptomatic relief. Dual inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) offers a validated approach to restoring choliner...

Understanding Social Bias in Multimodal Learning Systems: A Taxonomy and Framework

The rapid adoption of multimodal learning systems across high-stakes applications has intensified concerns about fairness and social bias, yet existing research remains scattered across modalities, tasks, protected attributes, mitigation strategies, and evaluation methodologies....

Mechanistic attenuation by L-carnitine of trastuzumab-induced downregulation of adenosine monophosphate -activated protein kinase signal in cardiac H9c2 cells

Clinical usefulness of trastuzumab (TZ) is restrained owing to its cardiotoxic effect. This investigation was initiated to evaluate the potential protective impact of carnitine (CARN) against TZ-related cardiac influence; and to uncover the underlining mechanism. Cytotoxic effect...

Myricetin Modulates Quorum Sensing-Associated Phenotypes, Virulence, and Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic Bacteria: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Background/Objectives: The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among pathogenic bacteria has necessitated the development of alternative therapeutic strategies that target bacterial virulence rather than cell viability. Methods: In this study, the flavonoid myriceti...

Bavachin Attenuates Cognitive Impairment in Scopolamine‐Induced Amnesia: Behavioral, Biochemical and Molecular Insights

ABSTRACT Cholinergic dysfunction is a key feature of cognitive impairment, and currently available acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors provide limited symptomatic benefit and are often associated with adverse effects. This study evaluated the cognitive‐protective effects of ba...

Environmental Responsibility in Saudi Banking: A Stakeholder Analysis of Green Finance Adoption

ABSTRACT Green finance adoption in state‐directed emerging markets remains poorly understood among stakeholder groups. This study examines how environmental responsibility and green finance are interpreted, implemented, and governed in Saudi banking. Based on 25 semi‐structured i...

From Antimicrobial Biomaterials to Infection-Resilient Interfaces: Engineering the Host, Microbe, and Material Interface Against Drug-Resistant Biofilms

Drug-resistant biofilm infections remain a major challenge for medical devices and implants. Biofilm formation can reduce antimicrobial effectiveness through physiological heterogeneity, tolerance, persistence, and interactions with the host and biomaterial surface. Antimicrobial...

Reliability-oriented CUSUM monitoring of breast cancer features using Burr–X distribution and progressive censoring

Accurate monitoring of disease progression is critical in oncology to detect subtle changes in tumor characteristics. In breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and monitoring, morphological features of cell nuclei, such as the mean radius, serve as vital biomarkers. This study propose a mo...

Artificial intelligence in wastewater treatment: critical review of predictive performance, explainability and deployment readiness

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly adopted in wastewater treatment to support soft sensing, effluent prediction, nutrient removal assessment, membrane monitoring, anomaly detection, greenhouse-gas emission modeling, and anaerobic digestion optimization. T...

Computational systems immunology and multi-scale modeling for the design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine (MEV) against emerging multidrug-resistant Klebsiella michiganensis

Klebsiella michiganensis, an emerging multidrug-resistant member of the Klebsiella oxytoca complex, has become an important opportunistic pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections, including bacteremia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Owing to its rapidly evolving resist...

National cultural dimensions and materiality assessment disclosure in sustainability reporting: cross-country evidence from the world’s leading companies

Abstract Materiality assessment is increasingly used in sustainability reporting to enhance transparency in identifying material sustainability issues. However, limited studies examine the determinants of materiality assessment disclosure (MAD), particularly at the country level....

Pre-extensively and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis prevalence among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background The burden of pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (Pre-XDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) cases in Ethiopia has become one of the most challenging problems for monitoring the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis...

Automated and Explainable Machine Learning Framework for Predicting the Fracture Toughness of Fiber-Reinforced Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Subjected to Freeze–Thaw Damage

The extended longevity of fiber-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete (FR-UHPC) in frigid regions remains incompletely comprehended, especially concerning the deterioration of mode-I fracture toughness (KIC) due to repeated freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs). While prior investigatio...

Multifunctional TiO₂-modified cement mortar: experimental investigation, machine learning prediction, and life cycle assessment

Abstract TiO₂-modified cement mortar is a multifunctional construction material that enhances both mechanical performance and environmental remediation. This study investigated the photocatalytic activity, compressive strength, machine learning prediction, and life cycle assessme...

Robust RSSI indoor localization through federated adversarial training

Wi-Fi RSSI-based indoor localization offers a practical foundation for context-aware services but is challenged by data privacy concerns and susceptibility to adversarial perturbations. This paper presents FedAdvLoc as an application-oriented federated training design that incorp...