University of St Andrews

A comprehensive phylogenomic framework for brachiopod evolution among lophotrochozoans

Brachiopods appeared early in the Cambrian radiation and represent an important clade for understanding the origin of animal body plans and the evolution of biomineralized structures. A robust phylogenetic framework of the living representatives is needed to answer persistent que...

Generation of iterated wreath products constructed from almost simple groups

Abstract Let G 1 G_{1} , G 2 G_{2} , … be a sequence of almost simple groups and construct a sequence ( W i ) (W_{i}) of wreath products via W 1 = G 1 W_{1}=G_{1} and, for each i > 1 i>1 , W i + 1 = G i + 1 wr W i W_{i+1}=G_{i+1}\mathbin{\mathrm{wr}}W_{i} via the regular action o...

Airflows redefine the cost of aerial transport in the wild

Fuel economy matters to both animals and machines, as the cost of transport can determine where, when, and how far locomotion is possible. However, established estimates of these values for animal flight come from laboratories and treat the atmosphere as constant, even though fre...

The ASCEND Project (2020-2023): Strengthening clinical trial ethics review and pharmacovigilance capacity in Tanzania mainland and Zanzibar

Background Clinical trials and related health research in sub-Saharan Africa continue to expand in volume and complexity, increasing the need for strong and responsive research ethics oversight, regulatory reviews, and pharmacovigilance systems. The ASCEND project was implemented...

‘ Amare Nesciri ’: John Henry Newman on the Hidden Self

Abstract This article brings into further view John Henry Newman’s idea of the self as that which is received from God and as that which remains, in various ways, hidden both from the world as well as from the self’s own view. It proceeds in the following stages. First, it posits...

Public knowledge, barriers and facilitators to UK dietary guideline adherence: a nationally representative survey

Abstract Aim Adherence to UK dietary guidelines is poor, yet no evidence exists regarding population-level knowledge of these guidelines, or the barriers and facilitators to adherence. This study aimed to characterise knowledge of UK dietary guidelines and perceived barriers and...

Timothy Batte, the Recovery of Immersion, and an Unnoticed Early English Baptist Confession of Faith

Timothy Batte is an under-studied figure in early Baptist life. There is confusion over whether there are one or two individuals of that name, and a claim that he was instrumental in the recovery of immersion. I here attempt three tasks: First, I demonstrate that there are indeed...

Melting experiments and the origins of felsic crust on early Earth

Understanding the origin of Earth's earliest felsic crust has been a fundamental question in geology since the foundational insights of James Hutton and the pioneering high-temperature melting experiments of James Hall. Building on this historical framework, this study synthesise...

How 8 years of social and individual learning interact to shape ecological competence in orangutans

Cultural learning permeates human skill and knowledge acquisition. To understand its importance for nonhuman apes, we analyzed just under 7000 records of behavioral bouts of social and individual learning across wild orangutans’ 8-year dependency period to assess their combined e...

PATIENCE AND THE SOCIAL DISCOUNT RATE

Abstract Several governments set the social discount rate using a Ramsey Rule that treats pure time preference as a separate parameter. Standard arguments for declining discount rates rest on uncertainty about growth or preferences, or on aggregation across people who disagree ab...

Permissible presupposition

When is it proper or acceptable for a speaker to presuppose a proposition in the course of performing a speech act? Taking Stalnaker's common ground model as my background, I argue that this is best framed as a matter of the conversational permissibility of the speaker's presuppo...

Lionel Vivian Crawford

Abstract Lionel Crawford made outstanding contributions to our knowledge of DNA tumour viruses. His work had profound impact on understanding how tumour viruses subvert the cells they infect and on identifying cellular proteins, encoded by tumour suppressor genes, that protect ce...

Mental health and substance use in Europe: initial steps towards a common European approach

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Comorbid substance use and other mental health disorders contribute to more than one million years lived with disability in Europe according to the Global Burden of Disease study. They require a comprehensive approach, yet, in Europe, there is considerable va...

Chimpanzee food calls provide information about the value and type of food: a playback study

Abstract Functionally referential signals are taxonomically widespread but vary greatly in the specificity of information they convey to receivers. Chimpanzee food calls indicate the relative preference value of the eliciting food in a way that is intelligible to receivers, but w...

Spatial learning: the birds and the bees do it differently

Western honey bees, Apis mellifera , and rufous hummingbirds, Selasphorus rufus , are both central-place nectar foragers that navigate between patches of flowers. However, little is known about how these very different animals solve the same task. Their shared foraging ecology pr...

Ligand‐Dependent Locally Excited and Charge‐Transfer Emission in Linear Copper(I) Mesoionic Carbene Luminophores

ABSTRACT We describe the synthesis of a family of photoemissive linear Cu(I) complexes bearing mesoionic carbenes (MIC) and amido ligands of the general formula Cu(MIC)NR 2 (NR 2 = carbazolide, diphenylamide). Careful tuning of the electronic and structural properties of both lig...

DOTA-ME-CS: daily oriented text audio-Mandarin English-Code switching dataset

Abstract Code-switching, the alternation between two or more languages within communication, poses great challenges for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. Existing models and datasets are limited in their ability to effectively handle these challenges. To address this ga...

Draft genome sequences of non-endemic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Indo-Oceanic and West African lineages recovered in Panama

ABSTRACT We report the draft genome sequences of three Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates recovered from Panamanian residents belonging to the Indo-Oceanic (Lineage 1) and West African (Lineage 5) lineages. These isolates exhibit various drug-resistance profiles, including rifam...

‘Waiting poorly’ for hip and knee arthroplasty – unmet needs and lack of support while waiting for surgery

Aims In socialized health systems, prolonged waiting times for hip and knee arthroplasty lead to progressive decline in patients’ health-related quality of life. This multicentre study aimed to evaluate patients’ experience of the information, advice, and support received during...

Narrowband, angle-stable, and highly efficient polariton organic light emitting diodes employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence

Narrowband emission is crucial for next generation optoelectronic devices to satisfy demands for high color brilliance. Microcavities can narrow the emission spectra of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) through the creation of resonant standing waves, independent of emitter m...